Predreadnoughts&Coastal Defence Ships:
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Utrecht, Dutch PreDreadnought laid down 1899
Displacement:
14.014 t light; 14.811 t standard; 15.740 t normal; 16.420 t full load
Loading submergence 710 tons/feet
Dimensions:
426,51 ft x 82,02 ft x 26,25 ft (normal load)
130,00 m x 25,00 m x 8,00 m
Armament:
4 - 12,60" / 320 mm guns (2 Main turrets x 2 guns)
14 - 6,10" / 155 mm guns
Secondary guns mounted low & subject to being washed down in a seaway
14 - 2,95" / 75 mm QF guns
10 - 1,57" / 40 mm guns
Weight of broadside 5.790 lbs / 2.626 kg
4 - 18,0" / 457,2 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
Belt 12,01" / 305 mm, upper belt 9,84" / 250 mm, end belts 5,91" / 150 mm
Belts cover 107 % of normal area
Main turrets 12,01" / 305 mm, 2nd casemates 3,94" / 100 mm
QF gun shields 0,98" / 25 mm, Light gun shields 0,47" / 12 mm
Armour deck 1,57" / 40 mm, Conning tower 9,84" / 250 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 19.883 ihp / 14.833 Kw = 19,50 kts
Range 5.000nm at 10,00 kts
Complement:
702 - 913
Cost:
£1,540 million / $6,161 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 724 tons, 4,6 %
Armour: 5.160 tons, 32,8 %
Belts: 3.151 tons, 20,0 %, Armament: 1.151 tons, 7,3 %, Armour Deck: 724 tons, 4,6 %
Conning Tower: 133 tons, 0,8 %, Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0 %
Machinery: 3.156 tons, 20,1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4.875 tons, 31,0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1.726 tons, 11,0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 100 tons, 0,6 %
Metacentric height 4,8
Remarks:
Hull space for machinery, storage & compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation & workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1,14
Shellfire needed to sink: 12.542 lbs / 5.689 Kg = 12,5 x 12,6 " / 320 mm shells
(Approx weight of penetrating shell hits needed to sink ship excluding critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 1,7
(Approx number of typical torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform: 70 %
(Average = 50 %)
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam: 0,39
Relative quality as seaboat: 1,20
Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0,600
Sharpness coefficient: 0,45
Hull speed coefficient 'M': 5,21
'Natural speed' for length: 20,65 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim: 58
(Maximise stabilty/flotation = 0, Maximise steadiness/seakeeping = 100)
Estimated hull characteristics & strength:
Underwater volume absorbed by magazines and engineering spaces: 105,7 %
Relative accommodation and working space: 99,5 %
(Average = 100%)
Displacement factor: 91 %
(Displacement relative to loading factors)
Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0,94
(Structure weight / hull surface area: 141 lbs / square foot or 688 Kg / square metre)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1,85
(for 14,76 ft / 4,50 m average freeboard, freeboard adjustment -1,82 ft)
Relative composite hull strength: 1,01
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-First dutch "modern" predreadnoughts.
-2 in the class. Utrecht and Oceaan
-Both ships in the class refitted in 1913-14.
-due their short range, always based at Netherlands.
-to be scrapped after the introduction of the De Ruyter Battleships.
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Ijseelmeer, Dutch PreDreadnought laid down 1903
Displacement:
17.059 t light; 18.165 t standard; 19.451 t normal; 20.402 t full load
Loading submergence 826 tons/feet
Dimensions:
442,91 ft x 91,86 ft x 27,89 ft (normal load)
135,00 m x 28,00 m x 8,50 m
Armament:
4 - 12,60" / 320 mm guns (2 Main turrets x 2 guns)
10 - 9,45" / 240 mm guns
12 - 3,94" / 100 mm QF guns
QF guns mounted low & subject to being washed down in a seaway
10 - 1,57" / 40 mm guns
Weight of broadside 8.603 lbs / 3.902 kg
4 - 18,0" / 457,2 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
Belt 12,01" / 305 mm, upper belt 9,84" / 250 mm, end belts 5,91" / 150 mm
Belts cover 98 % of normal area
Main turrets 12,01" / 305 mm, 2nd turrets 11,02" / 280 mm
QF casemates 0,98" / 25 mm, Light gun shields 0,47" / 12 mm
Armour deck 0,79" / 20 mm, Conning tower 9,84" / 250 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 20.395 ihp / 15.215 Kw = 19,00 kts
Range 6.500nm at 10,00 kts
Complement:
823 - 1.070
Cost:
£1,927 million / $7,706 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1.075 tons, 5,5 %
Armour: 6.537 tons, 33,6 %
Belts: 3.151 tons, 16,2 %, Armament: 2.811 tons, 14,5 %, Armour Deck: 421 tons, 2,2 %
Conning Tower: 154 tons, 0,8 %, Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0 %
Machinery: 3.044 tons, 15,6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6.403 tons, 32,9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2.392 tons, 12,3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0 %
Metacentric height 5,2
Remarks:
Hull space for machinery, storage & compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation & workspaces is adequate
Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1,09
Shellfire needed to sink: 16.981 lbs / 7.702 Kg = 17,0 x 12,6 " / 320 mm shells
(Approx weight of penetrating shell hits needed to sink ship excluding critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 2,2
(Approx number of typical torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform: 61 %
(Average = 50 %)
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam: 0,38
Relative quality as seaboat: 1,15
Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0,600
Sharpness coefficient: 0,46
Hull speed coefficient 'M': 5,04
'Natural speed' for length: 21,05 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim: 53
(Maximise stabilty/flotation = 0, Maximise steadiness/seakeeping = 100)
Estimated hull characteristics & strength:
Underwater volume absorbed by magazines and engineering spaces: 97,1 %
Relative accommodation and working space: 98,7 %
(Average = 100%)
Displacement factor: 92 %
(Displacement relative to loading factors)
Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0,94
(Structure weight / hull surface area: 164 lbs / square foot or 801 Kg / square metre)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1,80
(for 14,76 ft / 4,50 m average freeboard, freeboard adjustment -2,53 ft)
Relative composite hull strength: 1,00
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-two in the class: Ijseemeer and Molucca.
-240mm secondary guns purchased from Iberia
-secondary battery deployed in six turrets: four double, two simple.
-refitted 1915-16. Both ships were on dry dock while India-Dutch war was being fought.
-Molucca based at Indonesia, Ijseemeer at Netherlands.
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Hertog Hendrik, Dutch Coastal defence ship laid down 1900
Displacement:
4.631 t light; 4.848 t standard; 5.168 t normal; 5.403 t full load
Loading submergence 320 tons/feet
Dimensions:
318,24 ft x 52,49 ft x 19,69 ft (normal load)
97,00 m x 16,00 m x 6,00 m
Armament:
2 - 9,45" / 240 mm guns (2 Main turrets x 1 guns)
4 - 5,91" / 150 mm guns
Secondary guns mounted low & subject to being washed down in a seaway
8 - 2,95" / 75 mm QF guns
4 - 1,46" / 37 mm guns
Weight of broadside 1.365 lbs / 619 kg
Armour:
Belt 5,98" / 152 mm, upper belt 4,13" / 105 mm, end belts 3,94" / 100 mm
Belts cover 123 % of normal area
Main turrets 9,65" / 245 mm, 2nd casemates 0,47" / 12 mm
QF gun shields 0,47" / 12 mm
Armour deck 2,01" / 51 mm, Conning tower 9,69" / 246 mm
Torpedo bulkhead 2,56" / 65 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 4.947 ihp / 3.690 Kw = 16,00 kts
Range 4.100nm at 9,25 kts
Complement:
304 - 396
Cost:
£0,414 million / $1,654 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 171 tons, 3,3 %
Armour: 2.247 tons, 43,5 %
Belts: 1.117 tons, 21,6 %, Armament: 267 tons, 5,2 %, Armour Deck: 416 tons, 8,0 %
Conning Tower: 62 tons, 1,2 %, Torpedo bulkhead: 386 tons, 7,5 %
Machinery: 773 tons, 15,0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1.390 tons, 26,9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 537 tons, 10,4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 50 tons, 1,0 %
Metacentric height 2,3
Remarks:
Hull space for machinery, storage & compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation & workspaces is cramped
Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1,11
Shellfire needed to sink: 2.733 lbs / 1.239 Kg = 6,5 x 9,4 " / 240 mm shells
(Approx weight of penetrating shell hits needed to sink ship excluding critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 0,9
(Approx number of typical torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform: 60 %
(Average = 50 %)
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam: 0,28
Relative quality as seaboat: 1,05
Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0,550
Sharpness coefficient: 0,41
Hull speed coefficient 'M': 5,63
'Natural speed' for length: 17,84 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim: 57
(Maximise stabilty/flotation = 0, Maximise steadiness/seakeeping = 100)
Estimated hull characteristics & strength:
Underwater volume absorbed by magazines and engineering spaces: 122,3 %
Relative accommodation and working space: 57,5 %
(Average = 100%)
Displacement factor: 99 %
(Displacement relative to loading factors)
Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0,96
(Structure weight / hull surface area: 86 lbs / square foot or 419 Kg / square metre)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1,34
(for 8,20 ft / 2,50 m average freeboard, freeboard adjustment -5,07 ft)
Relative composite hull strength: 1,00
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-first ships built especifically to protect dutch colonies in the far east. Cruiser sized, heavily armed and armored for it's tonnage.
-three on the class: De Ruyter , Hertog Hendrik and Koningin Regentes.
-Koningin Regentes was sunk fighting vs the indian fleet, 1916
-never refitted, the two surviving ships are old, obsolete assets
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Groningen, Dutch Coastal defence ship laid down 1914
Displacement:
7.622 t light; 8.170 t standard; 9.453 t normal; 10.442 t full load
Loading submergence 572 tons/feet
Dimensions:
459,32 ft x 62,34 ft x 19,69 ft (normal load)
140,00 m x 19,00 m x 6,00 m
Armament:
4 - 12,60" / 320 mm guns (2 Main turrets x 2 guns)
8 - 3,94" / 100 mm guns
4 - 2,95" / 75 mm AA guns
4 - 0,98" / 25 mm guns
Weight of broadside 4.297 lbs / 1.949 kg
4 - 21,0" / 533,4 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
Belt 8,66" / 220 mm, upper belt 5,91" / 150 mm, ends unarmoured
Belts cover 74 % of normal area
Main turrets 11,02" / 280 mm, 2nd gun shields 0,39" / 10 mm
Armour deck 0,98" / 25 mm, Conning tower 3,94" / 100 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 21.820 shp / 16.278 Kw = 22,00 kts
Range 18.000nm at 10,00 kts
Complement:
479 - 623
Cost:
£1,064 million / $4,254 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 537 tons, 5,7 %
Armour: 2.505 tons, 26,5 %
Belts: 1.211 tons, 12,8 %, Armament: 891 tons, 9,4 %, Armour Deck: 365 tons, 3,9 %
Conning Tower: 38 tons, 0,4 %, Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0 %
Machinery: 841 tons, 8,9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3.740 tons, 39,6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1.830 tons, 19,4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0 %
Metacentric height 3,0
Remarks:
Hull space for machinery, storage & compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation & workspaces is adequate
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1,12
Shellfire needed to sink: 12.899 lbs / 5.851 Kg = 12,9 x 12,6 " / 320 mm shells
(Approx weight of penetrating shell hits needed to sink ship excluding critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 2,1
(Approx number of typical torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform: 60 %
(Average = 50 %)
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam: 0,76
Relative quality as seaboat: 1,23
Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0,587
Sharpness coefficient: 0,40
Hull speed coefficient 'M': 6,64
'Natural speed' for length: 21,43 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim: 49
(Maximise stabilty/flotation = 0, Maximise steadiness/seakeeping = 100)
Estimated hull characteristics & strength:
Underwater volume absorbed by magazines and engineering spaces: 73,2 %
Relative accommodation and working space: 106,3 %
(Average = 100%)
Displacement factor: 111 %
(Displacement relative to loading factors)
Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0,95
(Structure weight / hull surface area: 127 lbs / square foot or 622 Kg / square metre)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1,55
(for 14,76 ft / 4,50 m average freeboard, freeboard adjustment -0,21 ft)
Relative composite hull strength: 1,00
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-Originally intended to be a 3-strong class to replace the whole Hertok Hendrig class. Material, and finantial problems prevented this to happen and only one was launched: Groningen.
-Very long ranged, much better armed than the Hertog Hendriks.
-320mm main guns are of the 32cm/52 Mark VIIA class.
-Groningen is currently based at Indonesia
Next round, light cruisers and destroyers