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Government Ministries and Institutions of Government

Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

Ministerio de Defensa Nacional (Ministry of National Defense)

** Ejército del Perú

** Marina de Guerra del Perú

** Fuerza Aérea del Perú

** Direccion General de Movilizacion (General Directorate of Mobilization)

** Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional (National Intelligence Service)

Ministerio de Asuntos Interiores y Policia (Ministry of Interior Affairs and Police)

** Comisariado para Asuntos Internos (Commissariat for Internal Affairs)

** Policia Nacional del Perú (National Police)

** Policia de Fronterzal del Perú (Frontier Police)

** Policia de Transporte del Perú (Transportation Police)

Ministerio de Economica y Finanzas (Ministry of Economics and Finance)

** Comita Estatal de Desarollo Economico (State Committee for Economic Development)

**** Oficina de Minas y Desarollo Minero (Office of Mines and Mineral Development)
**** Direccion General de Inversion Publica (General Directorate of Public Investment)
**** Direccion General de Gestion de Recursos Publicos (General Directorate of Resource Management)
**** Direccion General de Avanas y Administracion Tributaria (General Directorate of Customs and Tax Administration)

** Banco Central de Reserva de Peru (Central Reserve Bank of Peru)

Ministerio de la Produccion (Ministry of Production)

Ministerio de Justica (Ministry of Justice)

Ministerio de Agricultura y Regio (Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation)

** Officina General de Planeamiento y Presupesto Agraria (General Office of Agricultural Planning)

Ministerio de Transportes y Communicaciones (Ministry of Transport and Communications)

** Empresa Nacional de Ferrocarriles de Peru (National Railways of Peru)

**** Ferrocarril Central de Peru (Central Railway of Peru)
**** Ferrocarril del Sur de Peru (Southern Peru Railway)

** Empresa Nacional de Navegacion (National Navigation Corporation)
**** Compania Nacional Peruana de Vapores (Peruvian National Steamship Company)
****Compania Nacional de Naviera Amazonica Peruana (Peruvian National Amazon Navigation Company)

** Empresa Nacional de Transporte Aéreo del Perú (National Airlines Corporation of Peru)

** Direccion General de Correos y Telegrafios (General Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs)

Ministerio de Educaccion, Cultura y Deporte (Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport)

Ministerio de Salud y Servicios Sociales (Ministry of Health and Social Services)

Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social (Ministry of Employment and Social Security)

In the latter part of 1944 the government of President Luis Galvez and Prime Minister Orlando Baylon began to unravel under the pressures of the challenges facing the nation and the inability of the Government to form a consistent policy towards any of them. The chief ministers of state and even the President failed to appear in public to answer Parliament and the people. As the nation slipped into 1945 without direction the Chief of Staff of the Ejército del Perú, Lieutenant General Manuel Arturo Odría Amoretti led the armed forces in a pronunciamiento declaring the Galvez government defunct and the establishment of an interim regime pending new elections.

The action by the armed forces was generally welcomed; order and domestic tranquility was maintained, and the Odría government squarely addressed the questions of rural and economic development, establishing parastatal entities to focus on development of indigenous industry, irrigation, and transportation. The government promoted land reform and rural improvements, employing troops to build roads, expanded the railways, and used air transport to reach remote settlements in the Andes and the Amazon basin. Educational opportunities saw a significant expansion, with the stated objective of the government being to provide basic reading and writing skills to all Peruvian citizens within a generation.

To attain such lofty goals the Government brought into its ministries specialists versed in the technical matters under their concern, rather than old-line political hacks. Its approach was authoritarian and directive, but quickly produced results. Elections held at the end of 1946 saw an overwhelming victory for the Partido Restaurador del Peru, the party of President Odría.

Quoted

Historical Note

Composition of the Peruvian Government in July 1944:

President del Republica: Luis Galvez
Prime minister: Orlando Baylon
Foreign Office: Baltazar Vega Gesta
Minister del security interior: Juan Roberto Garcia
Minister del Justicia: Carlos Sanebez Brunet
Minister del financia: Victorio San Saravia
Minister del education: Luis Mario Alnagro
Minister del agricultur: Aurelio Leonardi
Minister del Defensia: Joan Domenico Franco
President del Parliament: Joselito Chamoro

The Peruvian unit of currency is the sol, introduced in 1863, replacing the Peruvian real of the colonial period. Its principal sub-units are the dinero (1/10 th) and the centavo (1/100 th)

Initially the sol was pegged to the French franc at a rate of 1 sol = 5 francs. The peg to the franc was replaced in 1901 by a link to sterling at a rate of 10 soles = £1. Under the 1946 Currency Reform the sol was linked to the United States dollar at the rate of 1 sol = $2.50.

Coinage reform in 1946 saw the introduction of a new copper 1-centavo piece, and new cupro-nickel pieces in the 5, 10, and 20-centavo denominations. The 50-centavo and 1 sol coins were issued in .500 fine silver, while two larger denomination coins – the libra (valued at 10 sols) and the inca (valued at 20 sols) – both minted in gold – saw limited issue.

Concurrently, the Banco Central de Reserva de Peru issued legal tender banknotes in 5, 10, 50, and 100-sol denominations to replace those in circulation. In addition, new 500-sol and 1,000-sol notes were issued, though circulation of such large denominations was limited.

Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores: Pedro Beltrán Espantoso

Ministro de Defensa Nacional: Zenon Noriega Aquero

Ministro de Asuntos Interiores y Policia: Alejandro Villalobos Carranza

Ministro de Economica y Finanzas: Luis Echecopar García

Ministro de la Produccion: Félix Huamán Izquierdo

Ministro de Justica: Ernesto Montagne Markholz

Ministro de Agricultura y Regio: Francisco Graña Garland

Ministro de Transportes y Communicaciones: Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre

Ministro de Educaccion, Cultura y Deporte: Luis Gallo Porras

Ministro de Salud y Servicios Sociales: Alberto Hurtado Abadía

Ministro de Empleo y Seguridad Social: Pedro Manuel Venturo Zapata

The National Anthem of Peru