League of Nations Wilno Cease-Fire and Occupation Task Force Perliminary Special Report
August 18th, 1935
To: League of Nations Council, League of Nations General Assembly
From: General Kazim Orbay, League of Nations Commander and Chief Administrator in the Wilno Region
Subject: Wilno Region occupation and administration
The occupation of the Wilno Republic from August 1st, 1935, to the time of this reports writing, August 18th, 1935, following the acceptance of the League of Nations sponsored cease-fire proposal has been very much an exercise in frustration for myself and my subordinate commanders. I must strongly commend contingent commanders for their restraint, professionalism and energetic preformance of their duties in the face of often problematic situations. The following points are submitted for the League of Nations Council's and General Assembly's consideration.
1) Relations with Wilno and Lithuanian authorities.
Working relations with the Wilno Government in Vaskes have been universally problematic, bordering on unworkable: for myself personally, my Headquarters staff and the German, Belgian, Turkish, Canadian and Bulgarian contingents. Orders and instructions for the maintaince of good public order and civil administration issued by the LoN Task Force are frequently ignored, obstructed or stalled by the officals of the Wilno General-Secretariats, despite orders from Marshal Letowska that the Wilno officaldom co-operate in every way with the cease-fire and occupation administration.
My staff and my subordinate commanders have come to the conclusion that this interference and obstruction is a matter of unoffical but intentional Wilno governmental policy. On the other hand, our working relations with the Lithuania authorities, both military and civil, who are not unjustified in disliking our continued presence have acted at all time with courtesy, and a willingness to help, whatever their personal feelings. Requests for essential supplies, have to date been honoured in a timely fashion, as have requests regarding revisions to Lithuanian troop dispositions relating to the cease-fire line.
I request that the strongest diplomatic pressure, and if necessary economic sanctions be applied to the Wilno Republican government to force it's conformity with the the provisions of the Wilno-Lithuanian Cease-fire. Which to date, the Wilno authorities have systematically attempted in everyway to undermind, Particularly the provisions relating to disarmament of the Wilno Armed Forces and the LoN task force's control of civil law and order. In the interim, I fully intend to use the legal powers granted to me by the cease-fire proposals to ensure smooth and effective administration of the Wilno territory, whether the Wilno Government likes it or not.
2) The Civil Watch Corps.
Soon after taking up occupation and civil occupation duties it became apparent to the Task Force that the Wilno Civil Guards could not be regarded as a reliable force for the maintaince of civil order. The force had been disarmed as per the provisions of the cease-fire, which limited it's ability to project enforcement of law and order in certain circumstances, but more to the point, the Civil Guards were wholely controlled by individuals loyal to the Letowska Regime. This frequently lead to the Civil Guards and the LoN contingents working to cross purposes.
It has been forcefully recommended to my task force staff, on more then one occassion, that the Civil Guards be disbanded in their entirety for the duration of our mission here in Wilno territories. After reflection I am in agreement with this recommendation.
To further civil order and safety, the task force has already sponsored the recruitment of a local civil defense body, the Civil Watch Corps. This force initially about eight-hundred strong, was composed of selected and screened Wilno volunteers drawn from the more moderate and reliable elements of the temporarily demobilized and disarmed Wilno Army, and some elements of the disarmed Civil Guards. Commanded by a group of volunteer officers and ncos drawn from the task force contingents, and provided with a limited selection of small-arms and munitions from the confiscated Wilno Armed Forces armaments, the Civil Watch Corps was assigned to patrol and guard duties in some of the areas worse affected by roaming bands of Wilno Army deserters and bandits created by the unstable situation of the insurrection and the subsequent cease-fire.
To date the Civil Watch Corps has been conspisciously successful in it's purpose of protecting the people in areas not strongly patrolled by LoN contingents. Thus allowing the said LoN contingents to be used effectively in multiple surpression operation against Desert/Banditry encampments. The Civil Watch Corps while not highly regarded by Wilno officaldom, is well recieved by the populace which see it as a tangible and reliable product of the LoN occupation and administration efforts. I have ordered the increase in the Civil Watch Corps' establishment to five thousand men under arms, the public response has been decidely positive, indeed somewhat overwhelming, as some seven to eight thousand Wilno citizens have applied to join, in the understandable interests of protecting their families and communities.
3) Deserters/Bandits within Wilno Territory.
The ongoing problem of Wilno Army deserters and civilian bandits within Wilno, thrown up by the insurrection is reaching epidemic proportions, although the situation is much improved of late due to the efforts of the LoN contingents and the Civil Watch Corps. I request further assignment of cavalry or motorized reconnaissance units to the LoN Task Force, these units are particularly valuable in using their combination of fire-power and mobility to locate, subsequently track, hunt down and finally destroy or capture, the gatherings of deserters and bandits. Engagements to date have resulted in the capture and internment of some six-thousand, six hundred deserters or bandits, approximately one-thousand, two hundred have been killed in battle or while resisting arrest by LoN task force or the Civil Watch Corps at this date.
A suspision is arising that some of the deserter/bandits are not what they seem, this is under investigation, but it is my belief, shared by my staff and surbordinates, that some of these encountered groups are in fact members of either the Wilno Army or Letowska Guards, secretly and illegally armed in defiance of the cease-fire, and used to terrorize certain segements of the Wilno populace, particularly those of non-Polish ethnicity in order to maintain both a force under arms but also to maintain Wilno Governmental control inspite of the LoN occupation and administration.
4) Evidence of Wilno Atrocities.
The incident of the mass grave discovered in Edykes by members of the German 39th Infantry Regiment is not an isolated incident, and appears to be part of an wider pattern of authorized and unauthorized atrocities/reprisals carried out by officals of the Wilno Security General-Secretariat of the Wilno Republic (typically through the instrument of selected elements of the Letowska or Civil Guards) upon members of the populace in the Wilno Region, or members of the Lithuanian Armed Forces, Security Troops, National Police or Civil Service that have fallen into the hands of the Wilno Insurrectionists since the start of the insurrection in June 1935.
The RCMP contingent is conducting ongoing investigations into the matter, and a small flood of witnesses has come forward since the discovery at Edykes, following the realization that the LoN task force is serious about it's investigations and is willing to grant individuals coming forward with information from harm. Said individuals for their own safety have been transferred to the LoN Headquarters in Vilnius, Lithuania. Several other mass graves of similar or lesser extent have been discovered in each of the LoN contingents' areas of assignment. Local Wilno officals when questioned about the graves, deny any knowledge of them.
It has not been possible to keep details of this development secret from the Lithuanian authorities, who have suspected that such things have occured, and indeed have some evidence already that such things have happened following their re-occupation of Vilnius and other areas that were for a time under Wilno control. I expect that this information will result in considerable political agitation in Lithuanian governmental and public circles, and will have a very negative effect on the cease-fire negiotations going on in Stockholm.
/s/ General Kazim Orbay, League of Nations Task Force Commander & Chief Administrator
This post has been edited 2 times, last edit by "Agent148" (Mar 30th 2008, 10:43pm)