WesWorld

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Originally posted by Hood
Economic repercussions, the Germans have already thwarted our attempts to join PETA and our entrance into any European Free Market seems unlikely now.

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Well next on the agenda is child allowance...

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Technically, that wasn't the Germans... it was my impression that Britain wasn't willing to meet the treaty requirements necessary to enter PETA.

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Originally posted by Rooijen10

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Technically, that wasn't the Germans... it was my impression that Britain wasn't willing to meet the treaty requirements necessary to enter PETA.

That may be so, but I think that IC, the British do not want to admit it or do not think that to be the case.

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Heavenly Pursuits

Spotlight on... The Royal Air Force Historic Aircraft Flight

Founded in April 1932, the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight was dedicated to flying several important aircraft from the predecessors of the RAF, the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Navy Air Service. These aircraft are flown every summer across Britain at the many 'Open Days' at RAF Aerodromes and at the annual Hendon Pageant. Each of the aircraft has a unique tale to tell and some were saved from a fate with the scrapman and doubtless more types will join this collection based at RAF Hendon as today's new aircraft become tomorrow's relics.

Avro 504K H5199
Built as part of a batch of 100 aircraft ordered from The London Aircraft Company Limited, Clapton, London, to contract 35A/2050/C2328. Only 66 aircraft of this order were completed after the war. H5199 was completed in June 1919 and issued Aircraft Acceptance Park, RAF Hanworth on 4 July 1919. Then issued to No. 59 Training Squadron, RAF Scopwick on 15 September 1919. 59 Training Squadron became No.3 Flying Training School on 26 April 1920, but was disbanded on 1 April 1922. H5199 went to No. 5 Flying Training School, RAF Shotwick on 2 April 1922. Fitted with new engine on 19 May 1923 and extensive re-rigging undertaken during March 1924. New undercarriage fitted flowing hard landing following fuel starvation during a training sortie on 14 January 1925. On 3 October 1925 transferred to the new Cambridge University Air Squadron, Teversham. During July to October 1927, H5199 was converted by Avro to 504N standard with a 160hp Armstrong Siddeley Lynx engine and revised undercarriage. Delivered to No.2 Aircraft Storage Unit, RAF Cardington on 7 October 1927 and issued to 1 SFTS, RAF Netheravon on 2 November. Repaired after landing accident on 9 July 1928 and again on 11 November 1930. Issued to the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, RAF Farnborough on 15 July 1933. Used as the flights training proficiency aircraft and for aerobatic shows. On 12 January 1940 moved with the rest of the flight to RAF Hendon. Painted in authentic Great War RFC khaki colour scheme.


Avro 504K D7520
Built in 1917 as part of an order for 300 Avro 504J built by A.V. Roe & Company Limited, Newton Heath and Hamble to contract A.S.34679 for the RFC. Some of these, including D7520 were completed as 504K aircraft, D7520 was fitted with 130hp Clerget 9 engine no. 50284. Delivered to No.1 Aircraft Acceptance Park, Coventry on 18 September 1917. 16 October, issued to Netheravon Flying School which on 23 December 1919 became No.1 Flying Training School. Fitted with Clerget 9 engine no. 51845 on 26 August 1921. Issued to the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, RAF Farnborough on 15 September 1923 as the flights first aircraft. Used in annual RAF displays during the summer months. Extensively rebuilt between 14 January and 24 May 1930. On 12 January 1940 moved with the rest of the flight to RAF Hendon. Painted in all-over silver dope with standard roundels and the identification letter A in black.


Gloster Gladiator I K8042
Ordered from Gloster Aircraft Company Limited as part of contract No.442476/35 in September 1932, it was delivered new to No.1 ASU (Aircraft Storage Unit) on 27 August 1934. It was built with Airframe c/n 40468 and was fitted with 840hp Bristol Mercury VIIIA number A113818/40089. On 13 February 1937 it went to No.6 ASU, RAF Kemble. It was delivered to Gloster on 1 June 1938 and brought up to Gladiator II standards and was issued to Station Flight, A&AEE, RAF Boscombe Down on 29 August 1938. On 22 September 1941 it was assigned to the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, RAF Hendon. Painted in overall sliver dope with standard roundels and the identification letter K in black.


Hawker Hart Trainer K4972
One of a batch of 167 aircraft, K4886-K5052, built by Armstrong-Whitworth in 1932 under Contract No.361968/35 to Specification 8/35 as a Series IIA dual control trainer fitted with a 510hp Rolls-Royce Kestrel X (De-rated) engine, serial number 4261. Assigned Airframe c/n No.4261. It was issued to 2 Flying Training School, RAF Digby on 12 November 1932. On 29 April 1934 Kestrel X serial number 6513 was installed, replacing the previous Kestrel engine. On 8 July 1934 Kestrel X serial number 6653 fitted. Moved with 2 FTS to new base at RAF Brize Norton on 7 September 1934. It was transferred to No.24 Maintenance Unit, RAF Ternhill on 13 June 1935 and to No.12 ASU, RAF Kirkbride on 8 September 1939. K4972 was overhauled and subsequently assigned to the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, RAF Hendon on 2 January 1940. Painted in the standard overall yellow and silver colours of Training Command circa 1932.


Hawker Hurricane I P2617
Ordered by the Air Ministry from Hawker Aircraft Company Limited under contract No.962371/38/C.23a as part of a batch of 100 aircraft. Built by Hawker at Kingston upon Thames as part of batch P2614-P2653 in 1936. Fitted with 870hp RR Peregrine I No.697. Taken on Air Ministry Charge on 19 January 1937 and issued to No.7 ASU, RAF Aston Down. On 24 February 1937 delivered to No.6 ASU, RAF Kemble. Allotted to 605 Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force, RAF Debden on 14 April 1937. Assigned to A Flight as AF-F. On 29 May 1938 damaged and transferred to Rollasons, Croydon as a Cat B (Beyond Repair on site). On 9 & 10 June P2617 was flight-tested by Sqn. Ldr. B.A. Hitchings at Croydon and returned to Debden. (File Letter 16 Nov 1972). 20 November 1938 during a patrol at 15:45 and oil pressure failure forced the pilot, Fg. Off. Watson to make a wheels-up forced landing in a field near Sevenoaks. Aircraft sent to Armstrong-Whitworth Aircraft Co. Ltd. for overhaul and repair the next day. New Peregrine I 1414 fitted at this time. Issued to No.15 ASU, RAF Wroughton on 29 March 1939 and then No.5 ASU, RAF Cosford on 4 May 1939. Issued to 9 SFTS (Service Flying Training School), RAF Calveley on 31 July 1939. Damaged in landing accident on 5 August 1939 when undercarriage collapsed on landing. Judged to be a structural failure probably due to previous heavy landings with no blame attached to the pilot. Repaired but damaged again on 24 September at 19:45 when force landed in a field and hitting obstruction of wooden stakes. The pilot was judged to be at fault in showing poor judgement in proceeding with the flight under adverse weather conditions. Sent to Armstrong-Whitworth for repairs on 1 October 1939 and returned to 9 SFTS on 6 December 1939. P2617 assigned to the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, RAF Hendon on 10 January 1940. Painted in the colours P2617 wore when in service with 605 Squadron but with the identification letter I in white in lieu of squadron codes.


Sopwith Pup N5182
Built by Sopwith Aviation Company at Kingston upon Thames, but delivered from Brooklands. One of a batch of 20 aircraft ordered under contractors number C.P.119901/16, serials N5180 to N5199 and one of a total of 64 Pups built by Sopwith during 1916. Fitted with a 80hp Le Rhone rotary engine. Delivered to Chingford on 5 September 1916. Arrived at ADD (Aeroplane Depot Dunkerque-St Pol) (via Dover) on 6 September and allocated to RFC serial A8736 at Dunkirk (Dunkerque) but not taken up. On 7 September assigned to C Sqn, No.1 Wing RNAS, Dunkirk. First recorded flight of N5182 was on 8 September. duration 2 hours 25 minutes, piloted by Canadian Flight Lieutenant E.R. Grange, DSC. This was a mission escorting Sopwith 1½ Strutters on a reconnaissance flight over the Ostend area. Grange flew the aircraft again the following day on a one hour fighting patrol. On the 12 September Grange flew the aircraft on a fighting patrol to La Panne. Two fighting patrols in the Nieuport and Ostend areas were flown on 23rd followed by three flights totalling 1 hour, 15 minutes and 5 minutes, the longest being to Ostend, the following day. On 25 September flown on a one hour flight escorting reconnaissance aircraft. Attacked a 2-seater enemy machine, which broke in two and fell into the sea off Ostend [Sablatnig SF2 No.609, Lt Z S Soltenborn and Lt Z S Rothig were killed]. On the 26th two flights were made, a short test flight and a trip to La Panne. Flown to Ostend on the 27th and 28th. On 25 October 1916 No.8 (Naval) Squadron RNAS is formed at St Pol which moves closer to the Somme front at Vert Galand the next day. N5182 and Grange move with the new squadron, taking off from Dunkirk heading for Amiens, but the engine died and a landing was made at Bertangles. Reached new base at Vert Galand from Bertangles on the 31st. On 1 November a short local flight was made and on the 3rd 8 Sqn began operations from Vert Galand. On 4 November there was formation flying and an air test of new engine (to 3,500 feet in 5 minutes, 3 loops on way down) and another air test the following day. A 50 minute patrol was flown on 9 November. The next day two patrols were flown and N5182 was hit by enemy fire and the struts damaged. Further combat same day with a 2-seater Roland, involved a steep dive in which the airspeed indicator stopped registering! A further combat that day involved another Roland saw Grange hitting the observer with his fire, but was out-dived by the German aircraft. These were Granges' last flights in N5182.
After repairs it became the aircraft of Australian pilot, Flight Sub Lieutenant Robert Alexander `Rick' Little, DSO and Bar, DFC and Bar, Croix de Guerre with Star, also of No.8 (Naval) Squadron. He made his first flight in N5182 on 14 November. On 16 November, Little flew two further patrol flights, plus a further patrol when Little and a colleague chased off two German aircraft attacking a Caudron. More offensive patrols were flown the following day, attacking three German aircraft during one patrol. Little managed to escape from an attack by six German aircraft. On the 22nd a further patrol was flown in misty conditions. On the next day Little attacked an LVG 2-seat scout, but was counter-attacked by two German scouts. Little broke off the engagement but encountered and attacked another LVG enemy aircraft which caught fire and hit the ground north of Courcelette. An offensive patrol was flown on 27 November and bombers were escorted on 4 December during which Little attacked an enemy aircraft but the gun jammed after firing one round, he struggled to clear his jammed gun and eventually landed in a field to clear the stoppage. Later that day Little shot down a Halderstadt D scout south-east of Bapaume. On 11 December during another escort mission the compass froze up and Little made a forced landing at a small village, the Pup was dismantled and removed by road the next day. On 20 December during another escort Little attacked a German 2-seater aircraft, which evaded him, then attacked an Albatross D.II. The aircraft nose-dived, but Little could not watch its descent over Fontaine since he was attacked by three aircraft. Patrols on the 24th and 26th were unsuccessful, on the latter Little sighted a hostile formation but was attacked by German scouts before he could attack. His compass stuck and he had to navigate by pocket compass. On the 28th while escorting FE2b aircraft the formation was attacked by 8 enemy aircraft. Little attacked one German scout aircraft, narrowly avoiding a head-on attack. An air test was flown on 15 January 1917. On 23 January were more practice flights and an offensive patrol. On 24 January Little made his last flight in N5182, a 1 hour 50 minute offensive patrol [Little became the 8th highest scoring British pilot of the Great War with 47 confirmed victories and was Australias highest-scoring ace. He is buried in Wavans British Cemetery, France.]
On 3 February 1917 N5182 was transferred to No.3 (Naval) Squadron RNAS at Dunkirk (St Pol). On 10 February issued to ADD (Aeroplane Depot Dunkerque). Issued and flown by 9 Sqn RNAS, St Pol between 27 February and 16 March. Then issued to ADD on 22 March for repairs. Between 28 March to 30 April flown by Dover Defence Flight and then to Walmer Defence Flight in May. N5182 flew two Anti-Zeppelin patrols on 23 May and an anti-Gotha patrol on the 25th, flown by Flight Lieutenant W.H. Chisam. Transferred to Dover Defence Flight on 5 June, flying a patrol the same day. On 6 July the wings, propeller and undercarriage were damaged and 4 August recorded as deleted from effective list by RNAS, but apparently retained in stock. Badly damaged again at Walmer on 11 August and following repairs issued to War Flight School, Manston on 20 October. Finally deleted from stock, N5182 being one of the last survivors of its batch on 23 February 1918.
On 14 March 1918 it was delivered to the Royal Aircraft Establishment, RAF Farnborough for research purposes. N5182 became a station hack by 1919 and was flown until 14 July 1920. Grounded it was used a static training aid until September 1924 when it was assigned to the infant RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, then at Farnborough. Returned to airworthy standards it made its first air test on 16 July 1925. Each year it was flown at the Hendon Air Displays and other large RAF shows during the summer months. On 19 October 1934 a new Le Rhone was fitted. On 14 January 1940 N5182 moved with the rest of the flight to RAF Hendon. Painted in standard RFC khaki colours.


Sopwith Camel B6291
One of a batch of 250 built by Sopwith at Kingston-on-Thames in 1917, fitted with a 130hp Clerget engine. It was delivered to the RNAS Aeroplane Depot Dunkerque (ADD) (St Pol) via Dover on 21 September 1917. Issued to No. 10 Squadron on 28 September. On 30 September it force landed and was wrecked at Dorglandt with the pilot being injured. It was returned to the ADD and then the Aeroplane Park Dover for repair on 21 October 1917. It issued to the War School, Manston on 31 December 1917 and later 206 Training Depot Station, Eastbourne on 5 June 1918. Here, on 7 June, it stalled on take-off, overturned and was wrecked. It was repaired and remained at Manston (the War School became 50 Training Depot Station) from 15 July until being withdrawn for use on 1 November 1918. On 14 November B6291 was delivered to the Royal Aircraft Establishment for use as an instructional airframe. On 19 July 1924 it was assigned to the infant RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, Farnborough. Returned to airworthy standards it made its first air test on 23 March 1925. Each year it was flown at the Hendon Air Displays and other large RAF shows during the summer months. During 1937 the airframe was re-rigged and a new zero-time Clerget rotary engine fitted. On 14 January 1940 B6291 moved to RAF Hendon. Painted in standard RFC khaki colours.


Sopwith Triplane N5912
Ordered as part of a contract for 25 Sopwith Triplanes from Oakley and Company, Ilford, Essex, serials N5910-N5934, to contract 216457/17 in 1916. Early in 1917 construction of the batch began but was almost immediately halted when orders came through to convert the aircraft into twin-gunned machines instead of the original single gun mounting. Due to this late modification, and the companys inexperience in aircraft manufacture, no machines were completed until the autumn of 1917. The contract was cancelled when Oakleys had produced only three aircraft, N5910-N5912.
N5912 left Oakley's works and was handed over to the RFC on 19 October 1917. It remained at Hendon until 21 February 1918 and although allocated to Manston it spent some of that time unserviceable. On 22 February it was assigned to No.2 School of Aerial Fighting and Gunnery, Marske, (renamed No.2 Fighting School from 29 May 1918) coded as White 94.
Between 12 February to 15 July 1919 N5912 was displayed at the RAF Aircraft Exhibition, first at No 9 Aircraft Acceptance Park, Town Moor airfield, Newcastle and then from 1 April at Leeds (Roundhay Park). After closing on 15 July the aircraft and other exhibits went into storage at Tadcaster aerodrome, this station closing in April 1920. On 9 June 1920 N5912 was displayed as White 94. In 1924 it was displayed at the temporary Imperial War Museum exhibition at Crystal Palace, London. Between 1924-1932 N5912 was one of nine IWM owned aircraft stored dismantled in the basement of the Science Museum, South Kensington. The Triplane was assessed for reconditioning on 26 June 1933. N5912 was then moved and stored dismantled in No 1 Airship Shed at the Royal Airship Works, Cardington, Bedfordshire. On 4 February 1936 finally reconstruction work began and new wings were built for N5912 and a 130hp Clerget rotary engine fitted. The airframe was painted in 305 standard dark green `Nivo' rather than wartime khaki. On 27 June 1936 N5912 was flown by Sq. Ldr. Buckle at the RAF Pageant at Hendon where it was involved in a mock-attack on an observation balloon, together with an SE5a and Bristol Fighter, vs. an LVG. On 16 July 1936 it joined the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, Farnborough and moved to Hendon on 16 February 1940. Painted in the colours of White 94, with the original khaki finish being restored during maintenance over the winter of 1941-1942.


Westland Wallace II K6035
Ordered in June 1932 from the Westland Aircraft Company at Yeovil as part of a batch of 75 Wallace II aircraft, contract No.410770/35 serials K6012-K6086, delivered December 1932 to June 1933. K6035 was finished on 23 September 1932 and fitted with a Bristol Pegasus II M3 and was assigned airframe makers No.16599. Delivered to No.2 Aircraft Storage Unit, RAF Cardington on 20 February 1933. Issued to No.502 (Ulster) Squadron, RAF Aldergrove, on 7 March 1933. In mid-1933, 502 Squadron became part of No 6 (Auxiliary) Group, Bomber Command. On 22 April 1934, with 502 Squadron re-equipping with Hawker Hinds, K6035 was transferred to the Electrical and Wireless School, RAF Cranwell for use in training wireless operators (became No.1 Electrical and Wireless School 1 December 1938). On 4 November 1937 K6035 was retired from EWS service. On 23 November the aircraft joined the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, Farnborough and moved to Hendon on 29 January 1940. Painted in overall silver dope with standard roundels.


Royal Aircraft Factory BE2c 2699
Built by Ruston, Proctor and Company in Lincolnshire in 1916 and issued to No.50 Home Defence Squadron. On the night of 2-3 August 1916, six Zeppelins raid eastern England and 50 Squadron flew two sorties and 2699 was flown by Maj M. G. Christie. Christie again sent to intercept four Zeppelins attacking London during 23-24 August, again without success. During the night of 23-24 September, twelve Zeppelins raided London and Lieut W. Glenny in 2699 was one of four 50 Squadron pilots sent to intercept the enemy. On the night of 16-17 March 1917, 2699 flown by 2nd Lieut. A.J. Arkell was one of three aircraft from the squadron sent to intercept three Zeppelins raiding London. On 23-24 May, 6 Zeppelins raided London and 50 Squadron sent up seven fighters, including 2699 flown by Arkell. Transferred to No.190 Night Training Squadron on 24 April 1918. After an accident the aircraft was rebuilt from several spares during June 1918. On 16 October 1918 it was issued to No.192 Night Training Squadron followed by to 51 Squadron on 13 March 1919. After a forced landing on 13 May 1919, 2699 was withdrawn from service. Between 20 June to 15 July 1919 2699 was displayed at the RAF Aircraft Exhibition at Leeds (Roundhay Park) and then sent into storage at Tadcaster aerodrome. In 1924 it was displayed at the temporary Imperial War Museum exhibition at Crystal Palace, London and was one of nine IWM owned aircraft stored dismantled in the basement of the Science Museum, South Kensington. The Triplane was assessed for reconditioning on 23 June 1933 and was moved and stored dismantled in No 1 Airship Shed at the Royal Airship Works, Cardington, Bedfordshire. It was brought back to airworthy condition during the summer of 1935 and joined the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, Farnborough on 16 September. Flown at the Hendon displays and other summer events each year and moved to Hendon on 14 January 1940. Painted in standard RFC khaki colours to represent to aircraft of Lt. William Leefe Robinson who was awarded a VC after destroying the first Zeppelin to fall over Britain in 1915.

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The main Wembley site exhibitions are;

Palace of Industry
The world's largest reinforced concrete building when it was built in 1924. Around 340 companies from across the Empire have stands in this building with over 2,000 artefacts on display.

Palace of Engineering
Fully refurbished and containing around 900 artefacts on show highlighting the best engineering know-how from across the Empire from the Orenda Ursa Minor tank engine, the W.2 turbojet-engine, the de Havilland Mosquito bomber, Australian locomotives and scaled bridge structures and a complete prefabricated house. Outside near the entrance are an Avro Tudor airliner and a motor torpedo boat.

Palace of Arts
This large exhibition contains works from all the noted artists across the Empire and also features an array of musical and literary showcases and various bands from across the world hold lunchtime concerts every day in a specially built auditorium which can seat up to 300 people. British films released this year are all being premiered and shown at the cinema on the site which can seat up to 450 people. The Design Council, Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts, the British Film Institute and the National Book League all have large exhibitions inside too.

Palace of Science
This large hall built entirely from steel and aluminium which features a 50 feet tall observation tower tells the story of British science since the 1300s. Every major British and Empire scientist is showcased and several recent breakthroughs such as penicillin are explained. The emphasis is on education in all sections. Working model explain how jet-engines and steam turbines work. Among the 1,040 artefacts is a replica Cody biplane, a Parson marine steam turbine, a telescope and a radio-location set with antenna. The BBC have built a television and radio studio here which visitors can observe through glass walls.

Wembley Arena
Used for sporting shows, including the Empire Cup football tournament during the exhibition and also used for exhibiting some larger items.


HMS Leviathan
This light cruiser in anchored in the Thames near Tower Bridge and is open to public visitors every Tuesday and Saturday.

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Pavilions

Great Britain
This large concrete hall is a geographical story of the British Isles and the history of its peoples since the Stone Age. Around 950 historical artefacts are on show here.

England
This modernist exhibit showcases life in modern Britain and features showcases on the New Town programme, motorways, airports, the maritime heritage of Britain, a complete house of the future and commercial exhibits. Also featured is a large map of England with illuminated towns and cities. A room is devoted to the history of London.

Scotland
This steel structure with a large tower and several industrial exhibits outside tells the story of Scotland and its people and showcases what Scottish industry produces today.

Wales
This pavilion made from steel, bricks and slate all from Wales tells the history of Wales and has numerous artefacts from cultural to scientific items. The National Museum of Wales has sponsored this pavilion.

Northern Ireland
This glass and steel pavilion made at the Harland & Wolff shipyard displays the history of the Provinces of Northern Ireland and the several industrial artefacts and products made in Northern Ireland.

Australia
Designed by Australian architect Brian Bannatyne Lewis this structure follows modernist lines and is a large precast concrete structure. All the territories are represented with a series of cultural and commercial exhibits.

New Zealand
This pavilion has some wonderful wooden wall panels made from Southern Beech and there are numerous Maori carved panels on display. The outside is decorated in wonderfully intricate Maori wooden carvings. Maori cultural artefacts are on display and a large room displays the array of agricultural produce New Zealand sells.

Canada
This diverse pavilion displays a range of Inuit, indigenous, French and British cultural artefacts and a series of wall displays tell a history of Canadas past. In the centre of the hall are several industrial artefacts connected with Canadas forestry, fishery and mechanical industries. A complete de Havilland Canada Chipmunk trainer aircraft is on display alongside a massive trans-continental railway locomotive. Another stand deals with Canadian science. Outside this classical style stone and concrete pavilion, each of Canadas ten provinces and three territories are represented by a young Maple tree.

Burma
This pavilion is modelled on a traditional Pagan Empire pagoda and is built from imported bricks and terracotta. Exhibits on display include cultural and agricultural items.

Malaya
This pavilion mixes a modernist design with traditional elements. An array of cultural artefacts are on display and there are two special display rooms dedicated to tin and rubber which are both educational and promotional. Singapore is represented by its own room within the pavilion next to an adjoining tropical plant greenhouse with local species of flowers and plants.

British Borneo & Sarawak
This modest pavilion uses local woods and offers a brief history of Borneos peoples and cultures. The Sultan of Brunei has funded a small annex to represent the Sultanate.

Solomon Islands
This small circular pavilion represents a local round house and contains a series of scenes on everyday life in the islands and their heritage.

Hong Kong
This glass and steel structure is heavily influenced by the work of Mies van der Rohe and features several exhibition spaces filled with interesting commercial and cultural artefacts. The centrepiece is a giant carved wooden model of the Colony and its waters.

Nigeria and Benin
This large pavilion is surrounded by a brick wall on which are reliefs carved by local artisans. Inside four large round brick buildings display the tribal history, tribal art, economic produce and a series of aerial photographs of the colonies. Outside are several trees from Nigeria.

Namibia
This small pavilion is dedicated to the diamond and precious stones trade.

Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
This grand pavilion is in the Arabian style with a minaret offering views over the site and with several domes and lashings of imported marble and stonework. Two giant carved marble lions guard the entrance. The interior is just as sumptuous and contains numerous cultural exhibits including Ancient Egyptian artefacts such as jewellery, grave goods and two mummies. A scale model of the Suez Canal is also on display alongside several industrial items and an entire room is devoted to the cotton industry.

Chad
This recent Colony is a newcomer to the Empire but they have erected a basic but airy pavilion which showcases the geographical and anthropological highlights of Chad. Like the Canadian pavilion, it is presented bilingually in both English and French. There is also a large commercial stand advertising the investment opportunities in the Colony.

Kenya
This pavilion is built entirely from steel and precast concrete and is in the modernist style with several ornamental pools outside. Highlights here include a large exhibition about the tea industry, Safari tours, indigenous art and commercial investment.

Uganda
This small circular hall built of bricks is a showcase of indigenous art and culture.

Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi
These three colonies share a modest pavilion totally built in prefabricated sections. Several tribal artworks are on show here along with a series of panels on British explorers in the region and a series of aerial photographs and a 20 foot high model of the Victoria Falls with running water.

Gibraltar
This modernist architectural pavilion has a roofline reminiscent of The Rock and inside exhibits tell the story of Gibraltar and its harbour.

Malta
This classical pavilion with columns and marble carvings is modelled on ancient buildings recently excavated on the island. Inside there are local paintings and a history of the island.

Palestine
This pavilion houses several archaeological artefacts uncovered during recent expeditions.

Transjordan
This square, white, pavilion houses a cultural history of the Bedouin people and how they survive the harsh desert climate. An interesting exhibit showcases how the Transjordan oil pipelines were constructed.

Iraq
This large pavilion vies with the Egyptian pavilion for Arabic beauty and splendour. Inside is a celebration of Arabic culture and a large exhibition on the oil industry and how oil is formed over millions of years and the entire drilling process. Another grand exhibit are several paintings owned by the King of Iraq and models of all the ships in the Royal Iraqi Navy made from solid gold.

Aden & Socotra
This pavilion tells the story of Aden as a vital port and also has a large commercial section.

Trucial States, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar
These Arabic states have built a series of six cylindrical pyramid pavilions linked by a network of covered walkways. Each pavilion showcases a particular Bedouin tribes cultural artefacts. One is a history of the Omani Empire and another contains a large tank with several tropical fish species as found in the Persian Gulf.

British Guyana
This wooden hall showcases the colonys sugar cane, forestry and growing bauxite industries.

Falkland Islands
This pavilion tells the story of the Falkland Islands and contains large exhibitions about South Atlantic marine species and Antarctic expeditions since 1900.

Jamaica
This modernist steel structure contains a series of cultural artefacts, an informative exhibition about sugar cane, the history of Britains efforts to end slavery and a range of economic stands about Jamaicas investment opportunities.

Barbados
This small pavilion contains art and a wooden carved model of the islands.

Bermuda
This pavilion tells the story of Bermuda and its harbours.

The Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands & British Leeward Islands (British Virgin Islands, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda and Montserrat)
This large steel and glass pavilion is open-plan and features numerous cultural artefacts and a greenhouse contains a few local plant species. A large wall panel made from granite shows the entire Caribbean with the British islands marked with sparkling jewels.

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The New Works Programme 1935  1940 was the major investment programme delivered by the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), commonly known as London Transport. The programme was to develop many aspects of the public transport services run by the LPTB and the suburban rail services of the Great Western Railway (GWR) and London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). The investment was largely backed by government assistance as well as by the issuing of financial bonds and was estimated to cost £42,286,000 in 1936.

London Underground
The Programme saw major reconstructions of many central area Underground stations, with escalators being installed to replace lifts as well as extensions of several tube lines, and connection to and electrification of a number of suburban lines.
These included:
Metropolitan Line; provision of additional parallel tracks between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Rickmansworth, electrification of the tracks from Rickmansworth to Aylesbury and Chesham; installation of colourlight signals on the line between Rickmansworth and Aylesbury and platform extensions for stations on this stretch of the line

Bakerloo Line; new tunnels to form a branch from Baker Street to Finchley Road where they connected with and took over the realigned slow tracks of the Metropolitan Line to Wembley Park and the Stanmore branch and new Bakerloo Line stations at St. John's Wood and Swiss Cottage between Finchley Road and Baker Street to replace three closing stations on the Metropolitan Line.

Northern Line (The Northern Heights Plan); transfer of the Metropolitan Line's Great Northern & City (GN&C) branch to Northern Line operation, connection of the GN&C branch at Finsbury Park to the LNER's line to the Edgware, High Barnet and Alexandra Palace, construction of new tunnels from Archway (then Highgate) to Highgate and East Finchley to connect to the Edgware and High Barnet branches and an extension from Edgware to Bushey Heath

Central Line; relining of the tunnels and lengthening of station platforms between Shepherd's Bush and Liverpool Street to increase speeds and allow longer trains, replacement of the line's non-standard track power supply with the Underground's normal fourth rail system, western extension from North Acton to connect to and take over the GWR's suburban line to Denham and an eastern extension from Liverpool Street via Stratford to connect to and take over the LNER's lines to Epping, Ongar and Hainault

Rolling stock; design and construction of a new fleet of trains, the 1938 stock, to operate on the Central Line and Northern Line extensions. Further conversion of existing locomotive hauled Dreadnaught coaches to Electric Working for the newly electrified Metropolitan Mainline to Aylesbury. Extra T stock driving motor coaches will be constructed to allow for this. Design and construction of a new fleet of trains for the Hammersmith and City Line, the O stock. Provision of similar new trains for the Metropolitan line to Uxbridge, the P stock. Conversion of existing hand worked door stock to air-door operation and the construction of some new stock for the District Line, the Q stock programme.

Infrastructure improvements to the power supply system from Lots Road Power Station and improvements and rebuilding of many busy central area stations including the installation of escalators to replace lifts

Road transport
On the city's roads, the large-scale abandonment of trams and their replacement by trolleybuses, creating the world's largest trolleybus system at that date.

Results
Substantial and rapid progress was made on the network across the capital. The Central Line tunnel relining works were completed in 1938 and the replacement of the line's power supply was completed in 1940. The Bakerloo Line service to Stanmore started on 20 November 1939. The 1938 tube stock came into operation as intended although the extensions they were built for were not completed at once.

Progress on the Northern Line works enabled the extension from Archway to come into service as far as East Finchley on 3 July 1939, excluding the Highgate station where interchanges were made with the LNER services. Underground services to High Barnet commenced on 14 April 1940 and Highgate station came into use on 19 January 1941 and services started operating on the branch to Mill Hill East on 18 May 1941. The outstanding electrification works on the remainder of the LNER's branch from Finsbury Park to Highgate were completed on 24 August 1942, from Highgate to Alexandra Palace on 27 September 1943 and from Mill Hill East to Edgware on 18 December 1943. Works on the extension beyond Edgware were stopped due to less than anticipated housing construction within these rural areas, although the construction of the new depot at Aldenham was completed in 1942. Plans for the extension to Bushey Heath (or perhaps a reduced extension to Brockley Hill) will be included in the New Works Programme.

On the Central Line, works on the eastern extension saw tunnels constructed to Leyton and from Leytonstone to Newbury Park during 1940-41. The first new section in the east opening to Stratford on 27 July 1941 and the services to West Ruislip and Epping starting in May 1943.

On the Metropolitan Line, electrification from Rickmansworth to Amersham and Chesham was completed on 12 September 1944. Electrification taking place north to Aylesbury should be completed in 1946. The quadrupling of the tracks between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Rickmansworth should be completed by 1950, as should the complete resignalling of the line north of Rickmansworth. As, the Metropolitan line service north of Amersham was withdrawn in 1961. The plan to convert locomotive hauled steam stock to electric working should be completed by 1947.

Quoted from "Hood"

2 August
The Act also provides free dinners and a third of a pint a day to all school children under the age of 18.