WesWorld

May 20
President-Elect Theisman [1] has announced his first set of picks for cabinet positions:
- President of the Council of Ministers (aka Prime Minister): Gaston Monnerville
- Vice President of the Council: Jean-Pierre Murail (also Foreign Affairs) [1]
- Minister of Foreign Affairs: Jean-Pierre Murail (also Vice President)
- Minister of National Defence and War: Jean-Marie Lemaréchal [1]
- Minister of Justice: Edmond Michelet
- Minister of Veterans and Pensioners: Auguste Champetier de Ribes
- Minister of Colonies: Georges Mandel

Note [1] - Fictional people

Paul Theisman (b.1892) is president of the Republic of France. He was born to wealthy parents and grew up in the town of Metz (at that time part of Germany), but joined the French Foreign Legion in 1914 at the urging of his grandfather. Some of his father's family fought for Germany during the Great War. Theisman was deployed to North Africa until 1916, and became one of the French officers of the French Armenian Legion, participating with them in the Battle of Megiddo. He left the Legion as a Captain in 1919 and returned to Metz, where he used what remained of the family fortune to help provide for war veterans, widows, and orphans. He married a French-Armenian nurse, Lucine Anassian, in 1919. They had one child together and adopted three war orphans. In 1920 Paul entered politics with the aim of helping reconstruction, winning election as the representative of Metz. In 1931, he was one of the leaders responsible for the creation of the tripartisme Alliance républicaine party. He is multilingual, speaking fluent French, German, English, and Armenian.

Gaston Monnerville (b.1897) is the President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister of France). Born in Cayenne, French Guiana, he is the grandson of a slave. Educated in Toulouse, he was elected a representative of French Guiana in 1932, then held the position of Undersecretary of State for the Colonies. He was a reserve officer in the French Navy.

Jean-Pierre Murail (b.1889) is the Vice President of the Council and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Born in Saint Denis on the outskirts of Paris, he attended the École Polytechnique and in 1913 joined the staff of the French Embassy in Rome. Although he twice petitioned to join the French Army he was requested to stay in the civil service. He has served with the Foreign Ministry continuously since 1913, holding various positions both inside and outside of France. From 1939 to 1940, he represented France at the League of Nations, and in early 1941, moderated the Treaty of Saigon between China and the Philippines.

Jean-Marie Lemaréchal (b.1896) is the minister of national defense and war. Born the son of a shopkeeper in the city of Alençon, he joined the French Army in 1914 and served in the artillery as a forward observer. After being gassed and severely wounded at the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, he was permitted to join the supply corps, being promoted to lieutenant. He played a minor role in organizing and operating the Voie Sacrée during the Battle of Verdun. He remained in the French Army after the end of the war, remaining in the supply corps until he transferred to the cavalry in 1926 to assist in the creation of the chasseurs portes. An expert on motorization, he continued his slow rise through the ranks, eventually joining the French General Staff in 1936. Lemaréchal is well-regarded by his fellow officers. His injuries from the Great War have left him blind in one eye, and he has an extreme distaste for chemical warfare. He married Fleur Delahaye in 1918, and they have two children.

May 21 - Paris-Soir, business section
At a joint press conference, spokesmen for Transall and Michelin announced Transall's acquisition of a significant percentage of Michelin's stock in Citroen, the result of three months hard negotiation by the various involved parties. The deals of the purchase are widely seen by auto industry specialists as favorable to Citroen, which will receive more opportunities to develop cars, as well as market them outside the country.

May 22
President-Elect Theisman has announced more nominations for cabinet positions:
- Minister of National Economy: Jacques Rueff
- Minister of the Interior: Marcel Sébillot*
- Minister of Finance: Jean-Yves Ichac*
- Minister of Marine**: Gabriel Auphan
- Minister of Air: Jean-François Jannekeyn
- Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones: Hector Devos*

[SIZE=1]* - Fictional
** - I have combined the Ministry of the Military Marine and the Ministry of the Merchant Marine. This historically happened about this time as the result of that whole Vichy thing.[/SIZE]

Now thats interesting, the Prime Minister of France is a coloured man.

Eyup.

Actually the entire government is filled with colored men, but some are different colors than the others.

May 23
The spokesman for the Centre d'Essais en Vol has announced that since the first free-flight of the Leduc O.10 ramjet aircraft, three more independent free flights have been carried out, again with an unpowered airframe. However, the second O.10 prototype is currently in the shop undergoing modification to carry the ramjet engine.

May 26
The Colas Group's Société Anonyme pour la Construction et l'Entretien des Routes (SACER) unit was declared the low and preferred bidder for construction of the first French autoroute sections, including the planned Paris Ring Road.

May 27
President-Elect Theisman has announced the final set of nominations for cabinet positions:
Minister of Labour: Nicolas Oury*
Minister of National Education: Jules Bernard*
Minister of Agriculture: Pierre Marot*
Minister of Public Works: Alain Piaget*
Minister of Public Health: Jean-Baptiste Méliès*
Minister of Commerce: Jean Desrosiers*
[SIZE=1]* - Fictional[/SIZE]

May 29
The Centre d'Essais en Vol announced to the aviation press that the second Leduc O.10 prototype aircraft, mounted in composite with a Bloch MB.161 mothership, completed its first composite flight with a working ramjet engine today. The engine was lit during flight and operated for eight minutes, although the ramjet plane never detached from the mothership. Though Monsieur Leduc has tested the engine extensively in high-speed wind tunnels, this is the first time when the ramjet has been operated by an aircraft in flight. Further testing will continue, and CEV still hopes to conduct an independent ramjet flight sometime this summer or fall.

Current French Cabinet Members:
President of the Council (Prime Minister): Gaston Monnerville
Vice President of the Council: Jean-Pierre Murail*
Minister of Foreign Affairs: Jean-Pierre Murail*
Minister of National Defence and War: Jean-Marie Lemaréchal*
Minister of the Interior: Marcel Sébillot*
Minister of Finance: Jean-Yves Ichac*
Minister of National Economy: Jacques Rueff
Minister of Labour: Nicolas Oury*
Minister of Justice: Edmond Michelet
Minister of Marine: Gabriel Auphan
Minister of Air: Jean-François Jannekeyn
Minister of National Education: Jules Bernard*
Minister of Veterans and Pensioners: Auguste Champetier de Ribes
Minister of Agriculture: Pierre Marot*
Minister of Colonies: Georges Mandel
Minister of Public Works: Alain Piaget*
Minister of Public Health: Jean-Baptiste Méliès*
Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones: Hector Devos*
Minister of Commerce: Jean Desrosiers*

French Tank Orders
With the planned replacement of all obsolescent equipment underway, tank production is being concentrated in the two vehicle families: the Montbrun medium tank and the Bruyere light tank. Orders are set at approximately 125% of anticipated needs, allowing spare tanks to be built for war reserves, training conversion units, etc. It should be remembered that several thousand different manufacturers are involved in the completion of the final product. Current plans anticipate the series production of both models until at least the end of 1942, with delivery rates increasing over time as the factories streamline. Production of the Char-8 Montbrun is divided between three firms, with SOMUA building Char-8A and D Montbruns, CDC-8 Druouts, and CDA-8B Chasseloups, ARL building just Char-8A Montbruns, and ACL building the specialist vehicles. For reasons of manufacturing, production is arranged to maintain a balanced flow of work, and is based off a five-day work-week with 1-2 shifts, depending on the manufacturer. In case of war, break glass: all orders are doubled.

So far as possible, vehicles in the same family feature standard parts in order to ease production, supply and maintenance requirements. This broadly includes the engine, transmission, tracks, wheels, suspension, and steering system.

Renault Bruyere family
Char 6 Bruyere light tank: 728
CA-6B Lauriston self-propelled gun: 180
DCA-6 Tornade self-propelled AA gun: 60
VBG-6A Bertrand armoured engineering vehicle: 80
VBG-6B Bertrand armoured recovery vehicle: 40
PP-6 Bertrand armoured bridgelayer: 40
VBE-6 training tank: 30
1158 total ordered in family

SOMUA Montbrun family
Char-8A / D Montbrun: 1295
CDC-8 Druout tank destroyer: 180
CDA-8B Chasseloup assault gun: 75
CA-8B Gribeauval self-propelled gun: 330
DCA-8 Cyclone self-propelled AA gun: 118
VBG-8A Marescot armoured engineering vehicle: 120
VBG-8B Marescot armoured recovery vehicle: 60
PP-8 Marescot armoured bridgelayer: 60
2238 total ordered in family

Other variants have been proposed but are not currently on order.

French Tank Deliveries, May
- 15x Char-6 Bruyeres (and variants): 26x total delivered to date
- 28x Char-8 Montbruns (and variants): 61x total delivered to date

The Statistical Office at the German Ministry of Defence runs a quick analysis and is impressed with the French plan.

The industrial capacity is there, and if the traditionally recalcitrant French proletariat does not go on strike, it is probable that the delivery timetables will be met. This of course pre-supposes that the traditionally recalcitrant French Parliament continues to fund procurement at the level the French Army deems necessary.

Also for reference, a list of all the vehicles that are currently approved for acquisition by the French Army. Not all are necessarily in production right now, but could be put back into production if required.

Quoted

Wheeled Vehicles In Procurement:
- Motorcycle: Gnôme et Rhône AX2, Terrot R-series
- Light Field Car: Latil M7T1
- Scout Car / Armoured Car: AMD Panhard 178
- Staff Cars: Citroen 7CV, 11CV, 15CV Traction Avant
- Light Truck: Peugeot DK-5J (1.2MT), Renault 4CV light truck
- Medium Truck: Berliet GBC-4 (2.2MT), Panhard K155 (5MT)
- Heavy Truck: Latil H2 Y10 (10MT)
- Heavy Truck/Tank Lorry: Bernard DI 6C (15MT)
- Mobile Workshop Semi-Trailer: Chenard & Walcker FAR
- Light Tow Vehicle: Latil TL6 artillery tractor
- Medium Tow Vehicle: Latil M7Z1 (to be replaced by Berliet GBC-4)
- Heavy Tow Vehicle: Latil M4TX
- Field Ambulance: Citroen TAMI (version of Citroen TUC van)
- Infantry Carrier: Panhard VCI-41 (based on Berliet GBC-4)
- Armoured Carrier: Transall TB42 (not yet in production)

Tracked Vehicles in Procurement:
- Light Tank: Renault Char-6 Bruyere
- Medium Tank: SOMUA Char-8A Montbrun
- Heavy Tank: Transall Char-2 Lefebvre (not in production)
- Assault Gun: CDA-8A Chasseloup (Montbrun-based)
- Tank Destroyer: CDC-8B Druout (Montbrun-based)
- Self-Propelled Gun: CA-6 Lauriston (Bruyere-based), CA-8B Gribeauval (Montbrun-based)
- Armoured Engineering Vehicle: VBG-6A, B Bertrand (Bruyere-based), VBG-8A, B Marescot (Montbrun-based)
- Armoured Bridgelayer: PP-6 Bertrand (Bruyere-based), PP-8 Marescot (Montbrun-based)
- AA tank: DCA-6 Tornade (Bruyere-based), DCA-8 Cyclone (Montbrun-based)
- Fully tracked tractor: TRC 36R (1.4 MT, rare)

Quoted

Light Utility Vehicle
- Off-road utility vehicle.
- Must be capable of carrying four men or towing a light artillery piece.
- Diesel engine preferred; petrol engine acceptable.
- Open top with waterproof canvas cover
- Must have pintle for machine gun

Having surveyed the possible competitors, Auto Union decides to submit its Type 82 MUNGA design in response to the French RFP. A pair of vehicles, suitably equipped with MG mounts and towing pintles, will be submitted at the time and place specified in the RFP.

Thanks, Bruce.

May 30
A number of talented young fashion designers have turned out to attend a fashion show in the Paris suburb of Meudon today. The show was designed to focus primarily on younger artistic talents who are seeking to break into the fashion market, although some established fashion designers, such as Jacques Heim and his junior partner Louis Réard, attended to lend credibility and draw media attention.

June 2
The Société Industrielle de Mécanique et Carrosserie Automobile was formed today as a partnership between unspecified French investors and the German Auto-Union group. The new company, name shortened to Simca, will serve as the general agent for AU in France.

June 3
Officials of the Armee de l'Aire inspected an improved prototype of the Nord N.1500 Normandie parked at Orly Airport today. The big four-engine transport, highly desired as a transport aircraft by the military, is the seventh prototype built to date. The Normandie has seen some challenges, with the project now entering its fifth year of development, with paper designs for the Normandie existed at Potez as early as 1936. The 1937 Rif-Atlas revolt gave more urgency to the aircraft's development. The Armee de Terre has requested that the Normandie be capable of air-dropping a light vehicle, however, which the current aircraft, with its clamshell rear door, is unable to do.

June 4
The French Army has published the responses for the April 3rd proposal for a light utility car ("Véhicule léger tout-terrain", or VLTT). The following submissions have been received:

- Renault M-4CV: A 2x4 vehicle based on the chassis and 747 cc flat-two gasoline engine of the 4CV automobile.
- Citroen M-2CV: a 2x4 vehicle based on the chassis and 602 cc straight-four gasoline engine of the 2CV automobile.
- Bantam "Jeep": A 4x4 vehicle manufactured by the United States, with a 2199 cc gasoline engine.
- VW Type 82 MUNGA: a 4x4 vehicle currently procured by the German Army with a 985 cc gasoline engine.
- Lorraine / Latil M8T1: a 4x4 vehicle proposed by Latil and Lorraine, with a 2000 cc diesel or gasoline engine.
- Delahaye 171: a 4x4 vehicle proposed by Delahaye, equipped with a 3557cc petrol engine.
- Terrestre 675: a 4x4 vehicle currently procured by the Chilean Army, with a 850 cc gasoline engine.
- Pierce-Arrow GPV: a 4x4 vehicle currently procured by the Atlantean Army,
- Peugeot / Panhard: a private development 4x4 vehicle proposed by Peugeot and Panhard (originally as an armoured amphibious scout car), with a 2,498 cc flat-four diesel engine. The Panhard submission, as the base model, is a 3.5-ton amphibious scout car with light armoured protection, while the Peugeot variant is a heavily stripped down unarmoured (but still amphibious) vehicle.

Vehicles will be tested and judged based on off-road performance, fuel economy, maintenance, ergonomics and design factors, towing capability, potential field modifications, cost, manufacturing capabilities, and a number of other factors. The purchasing commission will narrow the field to the three most valued contenders in July, whereupon extended field trials with prototypes shall begin.

June 5
Berliet has announced the purchase of inactive former automaker Ariès, complete with all facilities and equipment. Berliet has announced its intent to renovate the former Ariès factory to produce GBC-4 trucks for the military and civilian markets. The renovated facilities should begin operation in 1942, and be capable of producing two thousand trucks per year.

[SIZE=3]Military Unit Spotlight: The Dinassaut[/SIZE]
Article from Le Spectateur militaire. Military Unit Spotlight is a monthly feature which focuses on a unit or type of unit fielded by either the French military or another world army.

What is a Dinassaut?
A Dinassaut is a shorthand term for the Division d'Infanterie Navale d'Assaut, or the Naval Assault Infantry Division. Its acronym is DINA. It forms the main striking power of the Fusiliers Marins (the ground warfare component of the French Navy), with two DINAs currently in service.

How is a Dinassaut formed?
A Dinassaut is composed of three demi-brigades plus supporting units. Two of the three Demi-brigades are composed of infantry units, with between two to three battalions of infantry, each composed of three infantry companies. The third demi-brigade is composed of one to two armoured cavalry regiments, an engineering squadron, and an amphibious artillery group. In general, each demi-brigade has approximately 2,500 men. The Dinassaut also includes a substantial Groupe de commandement amphibie (GCA) which is charged with overseeing the organization of the landings, the unloading of troops and cargo, the evacuation of wounded, and communications between ship and shore.

The individual assault infantry companies are called Dinassaut Companies, and are numbered in series (for example, Dinassaut 4, Dinassaut 6, Dinassaut 14). The companies are able to serve as independent commandos, particularly in Indochina, where they are paired with gunboats and landing craft in order to form small self-contained riverine warfare units.

How is a Dinassaut equipped?
The infantry component of a Dinassaut is armed with the small arms normally used by most French soldiers, although there is a very high ratio of newer weapons, such as the MAS-36 semiautomatic rifle and the FM-37 light machine gun. Grenades, sidearms, mortars, and other light weapons are all fairly standard, although consideration has been given to acquiring highly reliable, lightweight weapons which will still work after immersion in saltwater, or when dirtied by sand.

The Dinassaut diverges from regular Armee de Terre units in the field of vehicles. Although the acquisition of vehicles is just getting underway, many of the new vehicles will be amphibious, such as the Transporter Blindé Modèle 1942, an armoured, amphibious infantry carrier equipped with a heavy machine gun. The Unic ACM-4 (or Amphibie camion militaire) amphibious truck, based on the Berliet GBC-4 truck built for the French and Russian armies, also is on order for the non-combat troops. The Fusiliers Marins and the Armee de Terre are also evaluating the amphibious Panhard P120 scout car. Interestingly, the Dinassauts have also received a unique amphibious trailer which can be towed behind a TB-42 or a ACM-4, both in the water and on the road. This open trailer, notable for its boat-like hull, can carry either a full squad of infantry and their gear or a considerable quantity of cargo. Smaller trailers are also being designed.

The armoured component of a Dinassaut will be made up of Char-6 Bruyere light tanks, although older tanks will remain in service while production of the Bruyere gets underway. The Bruyere is not amphibious and must wade ashore from a landing craft, but is one of the most powerful and well-armed light tanks in the world, having a 7.5cm gun. It is possible the larger, much more potent Char-8 Montbrun medium tank could also be used by the Dinassaut's armoured component.

Another key piece in the Dinassaut's equipment roster is their landing craft. Operated by the sailors of the French Navy, the Dinassaut can come ashore in great force even if they lack amphibious vehicles by using the EA-13 or EDA-55 landing craft. The EDA-55 is also capable of landing up to thirty-five tons of materials or a single Montbrun medium tank.

What is the tactical and strategic role of the Dinassaut?
A Dinassaut's chief goal is to conduct an opposed amphibious landing on a hostile shore, and win a beachhead sufficient to allow the landing of heavier divisions of the Armee de Terre. A Dinassaut lacks much of the combat staying power of a regular infantry division, having less artillery, fewer antitank and antiaircraft assets, and fewer immediate supply units. A Dinassaut would depend heavily on follow-up units of the Armee de Terre in the event of a hotly-contested landing. However, extensive naval gunfire support and close air support aircraft help offset the lack of artillery.

Some officers have rasied the possibility of using the Dinassaut in land campaigns, specifically for the task of spearheading assaults across major rivers. These operations could be undertaken as a subset of their normal naval-oriented operations, and the Dinassaut's projected amphibious vehicles could be quite useful in carving a beachhead on the far bank of a river, allowing engineers space to safely build pontoon bridges to carry an assault forward.

Some of the companies of the 1er DINA, deployed in Indochina, have already started to be used for detached service as riverine warfare companies. In this role, they often dispense with their vehicles and depend entirely on the gunboats and landing craft of the riverine flotillas.

Quoted

Light Utility Vehicle
- Off-road utility vehicle.
- Must be capable of carrying four men or towing a light artillery piece.
- Diesel engine preferred; petrol engine acceptable.
- Open top with waterproof canvas cover
- Must have pintle for machine gun

Minerva of Belgium can offer their 4x4 car, while DAF of the Netherlands can offer a 6x6 truck.


Minerva M-20 Off-road Car v36
Weapons: 1 FN-Browning 7.65mm FM Mod30 (anti aircraft)
Armour: none
Crew : 2 + 4
Cargo : 0.5tons normal, up to 1.3 tons in passenger area.

Weight: 3.7 tons unladen,
Length: 3.1 meters
Width: 2.42 meters
Height: 1.76 meters

Max Speed: 130 kph Max, 92 kph normal
HP : 75hp diesel
Range: 440 km unladen


The DAF TRADO stats are not readily available, but if interested one can read about it :

Trado suspension

Dutch truck

The Dinnasault appears to be a very interesting unit, implying a very far-sighted doctrine. The article is well thought out, and gives great insight. It has much food for thought.

The German military attache is very happy that he subscribed.

Thanks for the submittals, Kirk.

Glad you enjoyed the article, Bruce.

June 6
Oleg Losev, a Russian national and inventor, has accepted the invitation of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (National Centre for Scientific Research) to join a year-long study program in France to study electronics and computers.

June 9
The French military has issued a general informational alert regarding upcoming military exercises between the coastal towns of Phan Thiet and Vung Tau (near Saigon) in French Indochina. The exercises will be carried out jointly with Thai military units and will include air, land, and sea components.

June 10
ONERA (the Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales) has opened a new wind-tunnel complex at Modane-Avrieux in the Savoy region of France. The complex includes two wind-tunnels of particular note, with a 15-meter wind tunnel capable of up to 700kph, and a 1.5-meter wind tunnel designed to generate speeds of at least 3000kph. The new high-speed wind tunnel is a critical component of ONERA's high-speed flight research.

June 11
A flight of three Lioré et Olivier LeO 400 floatplanes has departed France to make a tour of several countries in northern Europe, stopping in Belgium, Denmark, Nordmark, Poland, the Baltic states, and Ireland.

June 12
The Centre national d'enseignement à distance (National Center for Distance Education) has begun moving into their new headquarters in Paris. The CNED provides distance-learning materials to schools and individuals around the world.

June 13 - Le Figaro
The delayed Akesombo Dam and Tema Aluminium Smelter project in Côte-de-l'Or [1] continues to linger in administrative limbo. Although approval for the project has been given by the French government, money for the considerable project has not followed, and private companies have shown increased reluctance to involve themselves in the ambitious project. Additionally, there are substantial protests within Côte-de-l'Or itself, as the lake which will be created by the dam will flood a sizable percentage of the colony's prime farmland.

Recently-elected Deputy Pierre Vartan (Parti socialiste français) has heavily criticized the project, suggesting that the French government instead finish building the Trans-Saharan Railway in order to bind the natives of French West Africa more closely to the motherland, improve the defense of the colonial regions, and allow the better exploitation of material reserves in sub-Saharan Africa.

June 15 - Paris-Soir
Air France has initiated flights from Paris to Cleito today using the Bloch MB.970 Transatlantique airliner F-IGK today. The airliner carried eighty-nine passengers, ten hostesses, and four crewmen on the seven and a half hour, 3,200 kilometer long flight, most of which was carried out over water. The aircraft will overnight in Cleito before continuing on to New York City, a 4,200km ten hour long flight.

In only a few more weeks, starting July 1st, Air France hopes to open a second, more direct transatlantic route to the Americas, flying from Paris to Shannon to Vinland [2] to New York City. A further route from Paris to Dakar to Brazil will enter service later this year, with the Transatlantique replacing long-ranged flying boats on this route.

Despite the long-ranged capabilities of the Bloch Transatlantique, the flight remains potentially perilous, as the long aerial ocean crossing requires precise navigational skills. Air France, together with several partner groups, has invested significant funds into developing a long-range radio navigation system, allowing a properly-equipped airliner to determine its location in-flight through detection of static ground-based transmitters. Once the system enters operation, long-range overseas flights shall become safer and more routine.

The Transatlantique itself is a remarkable ship. Designed by Monsieur Marcel Bloch, the MB.970 has four powerful but fuel-efficient Clerget turbo-diesel engines, each of which generate over 2,450cv (2416 hp); the aircraft can fly six thousand kilometers on internal fuel alone. In normal configuration, the Transatlantique seats seventy-six passengers, although a version developed with berths, useful for overnight service, seats only fifty-eight. A modified version of the aircraft, the MB.972, has reportedly flown in France. Although much of the development is still shrouded in secrecy, the MB.972, nicknamed the "Super Transatlantique", will carry more passengers and fuel sufficient for nonstop service from Paris to New York City.

Initiation of regular service via the so-called Atlantean Route, and the planned start of service via the Northern Route, spells the almost-certain demise of intercontinental airship flights. The Dirigeable française Tranportation Entreprise, operating the cheapest transatlantic airship service [3], offers a 48-hour long flight between Paris and Montreal. However, a first-class Air France ticket from Paris to New York for the Transatlantique costs only three-fifths the price of a second-class DFTE ticket, with far less time spent in the air. Although the airliner uses more fuel, the airship requires significantly more money to build and maintain on average, and is more subject to the vagaries of wind and weather. In an ironic comparison last week, the airship Etienne Montgolfier, on a regular Paris to St. Petersburg flight, suffered five hours' delay waiting to land at Paris due to high winds, and the airship eventually was redirected to land in Marseilles at the French airship base there. During the same period, two Air France Transatlantiques practiced crosswind landings at Orly and Le Bourget airports.



Notes:
- [1]: Côte-de-l'Or is the French colonial name for what is now Ghana.
- [2]: Whatever the Nords call St. Johns.
- [3]: DFTE is partially subsidized by the French government, and thus tries to undercut most of the other airship services.