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Treaty of Kaunas (Russian-Lithuanian-Lativian Mutual Assistance Pact):

The Republic of Lithuania, The Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation in view of diplomatic trends and developments, recognise the need to provide for the long term defensive needs of the three concerned countries in the Baltic region. To this end, the countries of Russia, Lithuania and Latvia have agreed to the following articles.

Article I

Lithuania, Latvia and Russian Federation will render military and other forms of aid to each other if one of the Contracting parties is subjected to military attack.

Article II

Contracting Parties shall negotiate a military staff agreement specifying forces to be employed and operations to be conducted under different contingencies.

Article III

Russia shall provide material and technical assistance to Lithuania and Latvia for building land and coastal fortifications and such other required facilities.

For the Republic of Lithuania

/s/ Prime Minister Major-General Jonas Cernius

/s/ Foreign Minister Brigadier-General Kazys Musteikis

For the Republic of Latvia

/s/ President Karlis Ulmanis

/s/ Foreign Minister Maris Riekstins

For the Russian Federation

/s/ President Viktor Chernov

/s/ Foreign Minister Maksim Litvinov


Signed and Ratified, as the Russian-Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Pact, June 29th, 1935, in Lithuanian and Russian.

Signed and Ratified, as the Russian-Lithuanian-Latvian Mutual Assistance Pact, April 1st, 1940, in Lithuanian, Latvian and Russian.