Carro de Combate Modelo 1945 (M45) / M25 "Longstreet" Medium Tank
In late 1944, the Chilean Army determined to update a number of the tanks in their armoured fleet. At the time, the Chilean Army used only the Nordish-designed Carro de Combate M41, a medium tank assembled from Nordish components in Chile. Following Peru's acquisition of surplus German Panzer IVs, and Argentina's massive acquisition of Italian M34/44 (T-7M45) medium tanks, the issue of upgrading the armoured forces became more urgent. As a result, the Chilean Army chose to adopt two different strategies in regards to their armoured forces. FAMAE began a significant rebuild program ("Repotenciado") of the M41 medium tank, building a new turret and gun, as well as upgrading major components. The Repotenciado program would eventually cover most of the M41 fleet. But more importantly, the Ejercito elected to order a hundred and eight US-built M25 Longstreet medium tanks, re-equipping two of the Chilean Army's four tank battalions. (The Chilean Army would have preferred to upgrade all tanks in all battalions, but this was not possible due to budgetary concerns.)
The Longstreet was not adopted without changes to the original US design, however. The bow machine-gunner position was eliminated to reduce the crew to four men, and FAMAE changed the Ford GAF engine out for a Chilean-built diesel engine (the Terrestre T8D) of slightly more horsepower. This engine was a modified variant of the same engine used in the M41 tank. To provide better performance at high altitudes in the Andes, the engine had a turbocharger, as well as an air compressor designed to provide oxygen to the crew via an aircrew-styled mask. Despite having more horsepower, the engine and speed was limited in order to protect the drive train components.
Deliveries from the US began in January 1945. Final assembly of the tanks, including the fitting of the new engines, took place at FAMAE, and the first units reached frontline service by May of 1945.
Specifications
Crew: 4 (commander, driver, gunner, loader)
Dimensions:
-- Length: 6.985m (22 ft 11in)
-- Width: 3.15m (10 ft 4in)
-- Height: 2.77m (9 ft 1in)
Weight: 33 short tons (30 tonnes)
Armament:
-- 3" / L57 (76.2mm/L57) M1A1 gun
-- 0.5cal (12.7mm) M2HB machine gun
-- 6.5mm MG
Engine: Terrestre type T8D-21k V12 diesel turbocharged to 540hp)
Transmission: Automatic
Suspension: Torsion Bar
Protection:
-- Hull Front: 89mm (3.5in)
-- Hull Sides: 51mm (2in)
-- Hull Rear: 38mm (1.5in)
-- Turret: 89mm (3.5in)
Power Weight Ratio: 18 hp / tonne
Equipment: Vertical main gun stabilization
Constructors: Ford Motor Company, FAMAE
Speed: 48 km/hr (30mph) road, 30kph (19mph) offroad
Range:
Quantity: 108 ordered