WesWorld

The Russian merchant fleet consists of over 850 vessels 500GRT or larger, totalling 1,500,000 GRT.
382 of these ships are 1000 GRT or larger. A particular feature of it is the 38 shallow-draft commercial oil tankers of 6000GRT built since the opening of the Volga-Don Canal, engaged in the export trade from Baku and Perm down the Volga and Don, crossing the Black Sea, then either through the Mediterranian or up the Danube to the European market.

River Tanker, 1926

Russian River Oil Tanker laid down 1926

Displacement:
6,552 t light; 6,703 t standard; 7,542 t normal; 8,213 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
377.30 ft / 377.30 ft x 65.62 ft x 16.40 ft (normal load)
115.00 m / 115.00 m x 20.00 m x 5.00 m

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 4,984 shp / 3,718 Kw = 15.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,510 tons

Complement:
40 - 53

Cost:
£0.869 million / $3.478 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 160 tons, 2.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,893 tons, 25.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 990 tons, 13.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 4,500 tons, 59.7 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
1,161 lbs / 527 Kg = 10.8 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 0.21 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 3.3 ft / 1.0 m
Roll period: 15.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.90

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.650
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.75 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 19.42 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 38 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 26
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21.98 ft / 6.70 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 15.42 ft / 4.70 m
- Mid (50 %): 15.42 ft / 4.70 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.42 ft / 4.70 m
- Stern: 15.42 ft / 4.70 m
- Average freeboard: 15.94 ft / 4.86 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 72.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 137.9 %
Waterplane Area: 18,965 Square feet or 1,762 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 157 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 74 lbs/sq ft or 359 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.57
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily

6000 GRT

Sadko class, Russian Merchant Steamer laid down 1928

Displacement:
2,393 t light; 2,452 t standard; 2,950 t normal; 3,349 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
317.05 ft / 295.28 ft x 49.21 ft x 11.84 ft (normal load)
96.64 m / 90.00 m x 15.00 m x 3.61 m

Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 2,930 ihp / 2,186 Kw = 15.00 kts
Range 14,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 898 tons (30% coal)

Complement:
20 - 26

Cost:
£0.412 million / $1.647 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 172 tons, 5.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 720 tons, 24.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 558 tons, 18.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 1,500 tons, 50.8 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
365 lbs / 166 Kg = 3.4 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 0.13 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 2.3 ft / 0.7 m
Roll period: 13.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.50

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.600
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.18 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 34
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20.67 ft / 6.30 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m (6.89 ft / 2.10 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 6.89 ft / 2.10 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.12 ft / 4.00 m (6.89 ft / 2.10 m before break)
- Stern: 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
- Average freeboard: 10.07 ft / 3.07 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 70.1 %
Waterplane Area: 10,628 Square feet or 987 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 160 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 52 lbs/sq ft or 252 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.01
- Longitudinal: 1.14
- Overall: 1.02
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily

2,000 GRT

Dalniy class, Russian Merchant Steamer laid down 1928

Displacement:
5,794 t light; 5,925 t standard; 6,538 t normal; 7,029 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
415.86 ft / 393.70 ft x 59.06 ft x 16.40 ft (normal load)
126.75 m / 120.00 m x 18.00 m x 5.00 m

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Hydraulic drive, 2 shafts, 6,949 shp / 5,184 Kw = 17.00 kts
Range 15,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,104 tons

Complement:
36 - 47

Cost:
£0.890 million / $3.560 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 216 tons, 3.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,578 tons, 24.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 744 tons, 11.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 4,000 tons, 61.2 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
759 lbs / 344 Kg = 4.9 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 0.17 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.03
Metacentric height 2.4 ft / 0.7 m
Roll period: 16.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.57

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak, raised quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.600
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.67 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 19.84 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 41 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 32
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m (10.17 ft / 3.10 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 11.48 ft / 3.50 m (10.17 ft / 3.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m (10.17 ft / 3.10 m before break)
- Stern: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Average freeboard: 12.94 ft / 3.95 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 93.5 %
Waterplane Area: 17,005 Square feet or 1,580 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 148 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 68 lbs/sq ft or 331 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.01
- Longitudinal: 1.14
- Overall: 1.02
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily

4,450 GRT

Atlantic class, Russian Cargo ship laid down 1938

Displacement:
15,051 t light; 15,395 t standard; 16,733 t normal; 17,803 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
557.74 ft / 557.74 ft x 91.54 ft x 18.21 ft (normal load)
170.00 m / 170.00 m x 27.90 m x 5.55 m

Armament:
1 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns in single mounts, 67.03lbs / 30.41kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline aft
4 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (1x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline aft all raised guns
4 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 79 lbs / 36 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200

Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
3rd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 14,848 shp / 11,076 Kw = 18.00 kts
Range 12,800nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,408 tons

Complement:
74 - 96

Cost:
£3.337 million / $13.347 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 10 tons, 0.1 %
Armour: 4 tons, 0.0 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 4 tons, 0.0 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 407 tons, 2.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,630 tons, 27.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,682 tons, 10.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 10,000 tons, 59.8 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
25,484 lbs / 11,559 Kg = 380.2 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 3.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 5.9 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 15.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.51

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.630
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.09 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.62 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 36 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 34
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.25 ft / 8.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Mid (50 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 26.25 ft / 8.00 m (16.40 ft / 5.00 m before break)
- Stern: 26.25 ft / 8.00 m
- Average freeboard: 18.67 ft / 5.69 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 73.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 163.2 %
Waterplane Area: 38,396 Square feet or 3,567 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 154 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 95 lbs/sq ft or 466 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.03
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

13,000 GRT

Note: Weapons not added in peacetime, merely provided for in the design


Tanker version:

Atlantic class, Russian Cargo ship laid down 1938

Displacement:
8,494 t light; 8,839 t standard; 16,733 t normal; 23,048 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
557.74 ft / 557.74 ft x 91.54 ft x 18.21 ft (normal load)
170.00 m / 170.00 m x 27.90 m x 5.55 m

Armament:
1 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns in single mounts, 67.03lbs / 30.40kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline forward
4 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (1x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in a deck mount with hoist
on side amidships, all raised guns
4 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 79 lbs / 36 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200

Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
3rd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 14,848 shp / 11,076 Kw = 18.00 kts
Range 79,700nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 14,210 tons

Complement:
74 - 96

Cost:
£2.044 million / $8.174 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 10 tons, 0.1 %
Armour: 4 tons, 0.0 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 4 tons, 0.0 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 407 tons, 2.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,074 tons, 30.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 8,239 tons, 49.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 3,000 tons, 17.9 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
93,610 lbs / 42,461 Kg = 1,396.4 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 10.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.74
Metacentric height 10.8 ft / 3.3 m
Roll period: 11.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.630
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.09 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.62 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 36 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 25
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.25 ft / 8.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Mid (50 %): 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 26.25 ft / 8.00 m (22.97 ft / 7.00 m before break)
- Stern: 26.25 ft / 8.00 m
- Average freeboard: 23.72 ft / 7.23 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 29.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 228.5 %
Waterplane Area: 38,396 Square feet or 3,567 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 429 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 99 lbs/sq ft or 486 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.46
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Tanker version of the Atlantic class. Internal fuel for 12,800nm @ 12kts-2,400 tons. Cargo: 2,500 tons dry cargo, 11,800 tons liquid cargo, 500 tons cargo handling equipment.

13,000 GRT

Note: Weapons not added in peacetime, merely provided for in the design

The post-Revolution Russian government were easily persuaded of the advantages of diesel engines for merchant ships. marine diesels were reliable, powerful, fuel-efficient, and safe. They also allowed a reduction in crew size.

Russia's first post-revolution effort was suitably unambitious.

Tiny Russian merchant ship, laid down 1922

Displacement:
989 t light; 1,013 t standard; 1,169 t normal; 1,293 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(190.29 ft / 190.29 ft) x 26.74 ft x (11.48 / 12.00 ft)
(58.00 m / 58.00 m) x 8.15 m x (3.50 / 3.66 m)

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 573 shp / 428 Kw = 11.00 kts
Range 6,000nm at 9.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 135 tons

Complement:
10 - 13

Cost:
£0.110 million / $0.438 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 19 tons, 1.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 271 tons, 23.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 98 tons, 8.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 780 tons, 66.8 %
- Hull below water: 680 tons
- Hull above water: 50 tons
- On freeboard deck: 50 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
2,095 lbs / 95 Kg = 19.4 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 0.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.64
Metacentric height 1.6 ft / 0.5 m
Roll period: 9.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.708
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.12 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 13.79 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 39 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 14.76 ft / 4.50 m, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 10.83 ft / 3.30 m, 10.83 ft / 3.30 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 10.83 ft / 3.30 m, 10.83 ft / 3.30 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
- Average freeboard: 11.76 ft / 3.59 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 73.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 84.4 %
Waterplane Area: 4,051 Square feet or 376 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 143 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 35 lbs/sq ft or 172 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.86
- Longitudinal: 3.97
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Cramped accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily



They got bigger.

Small Russian merchant ship, laid down 1925

Displacement:
2,693 t light; 2,752 t standard; 2,966 t normal; 3,138 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(229.66 ft / 229.66 ft) x 39.37 ft x (16.40 / 17.43 ft)
(70.00 m / 70.00 m) x 12.00 m x (5.00 / 5.25 m)

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 1,154 shp / 861 Kw = 11.50 kts
Range 8,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 386 tons

Complement:
20 - 26

Cost:
£0.320 million / $1.280 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 37 tons, 1.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 656 tons, 21.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 323 tons,9.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 1,950 tons, 67.6 %
- Hull below water: 1,655 tons
- Hull above water: 150 tons
- On freeboard deck: 200 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
5,331 lbs / 2,418 Kg = 49.4 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 1.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.66
Metacentric height 2.9 ft / 0.9 m
Roll period: 9.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.706
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.83 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15.15 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 40 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 23.95 ft / 7.30 m, 21.98 ft / 6.70 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 14.11 ft / 4.30 m, 14.11 ft / 4.30 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 14.11 ft / 4.30 m, 14.11 ft / 4.30 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 21.98 ft / 6.70 m, 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Average freeboard: 17.09 ft / 5.21 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 70.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 96.7 %
Waterplane Area: 7,199 Square feet or 669 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 143 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 48 lbs/sq ft or 236 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.83
- Longitudinal: 5.28
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Adequate accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily



And bigger...

Small Russian merchant ship, laid down 1926

Displacement:
3,797 t light; 3,881 t standard; 4,202 t normal; 4,460 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(292.51 ft / 278.87 ft) x 45.93 ft x (16.40 / 17.28 ft)
(89.16 m / 85.00 m) x 14.00 m x (5.00 / 5.27 m)

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 1,613 shp / 1,203 Kw = 12.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 579 tons

Complement:
26 - 34

Cost:
£0.484 million / $1.936 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 52 tons, 1.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 915 tons, 21.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 406 tons, 9.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 2,830 tons, 67.3 %
- Hull below water: 2,380 tons
- Hull above water: 200 tons
- On freeboard deck: 250 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
7,782 lbs / 3,530 Kg = 72.1 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.83
Metacentric height 4.1 ft / 1.3 m
Roll period: 9.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.706
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.07 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.70 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 36 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 23.62 ft / 7.20 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Average freeboard: 16.69 ft / 5.09 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 71.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 103.6 %
Waterplane Area: 10,267 Square feet or 954 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 143 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 55 lbs/sq ft or 269 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.89
- Longitudinal: 2.85
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Adequate accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily



Medium Russian merchant ship, laid down 1928

Displacement:
5,615 t light; 5,739 t standard; 6,215 t normal; 6,596 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(341.72 ft / 328.08 ft) x 52.49 ft x (18.04 / 19.01 ft)
(104.16 m / 100.00 m) x 16.00 m x (5.50 / 5.79 m)

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 2,309 shp / 1,722 Kw = 12.50 kts
Range 12,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 857 tons

Complement:
35 - 46

Cost:
£0.789 million / $3.155 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 72 tons, 1.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,323 tons, 21.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 600 tons, 9.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 4,220 tons, 67.9 %
- Hull below water: 3,620 tons
- Hull above water: 300 tons
- On freeboard deck: 300 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
11,215 lbs / 5,087 Kg = 103.8 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 1.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.97
Metacentric height 5.6 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 9.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.705
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.25 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18.11 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 34 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 23.62 ft / 7.20 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Average freeboard: 16.69 ft / 5.09 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 72.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 103.8 %
Waterplane Area: 13,804 Square feet or 1,282 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 142 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 63 lbs/sq ft or 309 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.03
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Adequate accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily


Medium Russian merchant ship, laid down 1929

Displacement:
7,416 t light; 7,578 t standard; 8,136 t normal; 8,583 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(407.34 ft / 393.70 ft) x 52.49 ft x (19.69 / 20.63 ft)
(124.16 m / 120.00 m) x 16.00 m x (6.00 / 6.29 m)

Machinery:
Diesel internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 3,025 shp / 2,256 Kw = 13.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,005 tons

Complement:
43 - 56

Cost:
£1.090 million / $4.361 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 93 tons, 1.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,713 tons, 21.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 721 tons, 8.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 5,610 tons, 68.9 %
- Hull below water: 4,910 tons
- Hull above water: 350 tons
- On freeboard deck: 350 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
13,555 lbs / 6,148 Kg = 125.5 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 1.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.90
Metacentric height 5.3 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 9.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.705
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.50 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 19.84 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 30 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 23.62 ft / 7.20 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Average freeboard: 16.69 ft / 5.09 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 101.8 %
Waterplane Area: 16,565 Square feet or 1,539 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 140 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 67 lbs/sq ft or 327 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.53
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Adequate accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily




Large Russian merchant ship, laid down 1930

Displacement:
8,806 t light; 8,998 t standard; 9,611 t normal; 10,102 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(407.34 ft / 393.70 ft) x 59.06 ft x (20.67 / 21.59 ft)
(124.16 m / 120.00 m) x 18.00 m x (6.30 / 6.58 m)

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 3,360 shp / 2,506 Kw = 13.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,104 tons

Complement:
48 - 63

Cost:
£1.348 million / $5.394 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 102 tons, 1.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,974 tons, 20.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 805 tons, 8.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 6,730 tons, 70.0 %
- Hull below water: 6,030 tons
- Hull above water: 350 tons
- On freeboard deck: 350 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
16,243 lbs / 7,368 Kg = 150.4 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 2.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 2.14
Metacentric height 7.5 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 9.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.704
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.67 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 19.84 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 31 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 23.62 ft / 7.20 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Average freeboard: 16.69 ft / 5.09 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 101.1 %
Waterplane Area: 18,635 Square feet or 1,731 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 139 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 71 lbs/sq ft or 349 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.57
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Adequate accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily



Large Russian merchant ship, laid down 1932

Displacement:
11,113 t light; 11,354 t standard; 12,063 t normal; 12,631 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(472.96 ft / 459.32 ft) x 65.62 ft x (20.01 / 20.84 ft)
(144.16 m / 140.00 m) x 20.00 m x (6.10 / 6.35 m)

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 4,381 shp / 3,268 Kw = 13.50 kts
Range 12,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,277 tons

Complement:
58 - 75

Cost:
£1.850 million / $7.401 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 129 tons, 1.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,623 tons, 21.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 951 tons, 7.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 8,360 tons, 69.3 %
- Hull below water: 7,360 tons
- Hull above water: 500 tons
- On freeboard deck: 500 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
21,083 lbs / 9,563 Kg = 195.2 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 2.15
Metacentric height 8.8 ft / 2.7 m
Roll period: 9.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.704
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21.43 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 28 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 23.62 ft / 7.20 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Average freeboard: 16.69 ft / 5.09 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 110.3 %
Waterplane Area: 24,157 Square feet or 2,244 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 140 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 77 lbs/sq ft or 376 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.18
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Adequate accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily



Really Large Russian merchant ship, laid down 1935

Displacement:
18,068 t light; 18,457 t standard; 19,415 t normal; 20,182 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(572.33 ft / 557.74 ft) x 80.38 ft x (21.65 / 22.40 ft)
(174.45 m / 170.00 m) x 24.50 m x (6.60 / 6.83 m)

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 3 shafts, 7,447 shp / 5,556 Kw = 14.50 kts
Range 12,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,726 tons

Complement:
82 - 107

Cost:
£3.370 million / $13.481 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 212 tons, 1.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,657 tons, 24.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,347 tons, 6.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 13,200 tons, 68.0 %
- Hull below water: 12,000 tons
- Hull above water: 600 tons
- On freeboard deck: 600 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
34,487 lbs / 15,643 Kg = 319.3 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 3.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 2.35
Metacentric height 13.4 ft / 4.1 m
Roll period: 9.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.78

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.700 / 0.703
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.94 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.62 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 27 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 39
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 25.26 ft / 7.70 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m, 13.78 ft / 4.20 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m, 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Average freeboard: 16.82 ft / 5.13 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 114.7 %
Waterplane Area: 35,933 Square feet or 3,338 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 143 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 98 lbs/sq ft or 478 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.10
- Longitudinal: 0.97
- Overall: 1.00
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Adequate accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily