Indian Submission: Chinese CL-1932
Our design team that it was not difficult to meet the specifications provided in this tender; rather than limit ourselves to the specifications, we chose to exceed them (within reason) where possible. We did, however, have to adjust the hull dimensions in order to provide what we thought was a minimum amount of hull space for the intended hardware. It is, as the design sketches indicate, still a tight fit. We have included two alternate sketches in which the main difference is juxtaposing the hanger and catapult, though some further differences will be noted.
Armament is as specified. We have added twin mounts for our 35 mm cannons, which are useful in both anti-aircraft and anti-torpedo boat roles. These could be replaced in Chinese service with similar weapons such as the 40 mm or 37 mm. Note that India does not produce 14 and 7.6 cm guns, so these weapons would have to be either supplied by China or sub-contracted out.
Armor is above specification. The upper belt exists to protect the hanger and aviation fuel storage from light weapons fire, lest this combustible area be ignited in combat.
The aircraft suite is as specified. It is necessary in the one version of the design to flare the upper hull slightly in order to accommodate a hanger wide enough for two aircraft (a crude top view is included to show the fit). One catapult and one or two cranes are provided, depending on the layout. India’s Dhairya-type scouts are illustrated.
Bunkerage and propulsion are above specification; however, this is with an all-oil bunkerage. A reduction in range and speed - both currently above specification - should allow for inclusion of coal bunkers.
Miscellaneous weight allocations are:
-50 t for two aircraft
-25 t for one catapult
-25 t for command facilities
-35 t for growth or addition of coal bunkerage.
We have not provided for anti-submarine or mine-laying equipment, judging that these missions will be outside the vessel’s role; lack of available deck space is also a factor.
India would be capable of laying down two such vessels at its shipyard in Sittwe, in the first and third quarters of 1932. Additional units can be built at a similar rate in Chennai using either slipways or drydocks if required.
Cost to the buyer would be 110% of the ship’s light displacement per unit, that being the cost of construction plus a 10% charge for use of the slipway. Purchase of exclusive rights to this design would cost a further 10% of the light displacement, on the first unit only. India is willing to negotiate terms of payment if required.
(As an aside to all: thoughts on this design, or a variation, as an escort using CDS tonnage?)
CCL, laid down 1932
Length, 120.0 m x Beam, 14.0 m x Depth, 3.5 m
2727 tonnes normal displacement (2512 tonnes standard)
Main battery: 6 x 14.0-cm
Secondary battery: 6 x 7.6-cm
AA battery: 8 x 3.5-cm
Weight of broadside: 270 kg
4 TT, 53.3 cm
Main belt, 5.0 cm; bow and stern, 2.5 cm
Upper belt, 2.5 cm
Armor deck, average 2.5 cm
Conning tower, 5.0 cm
Battery armor:
Main, 2.5 cm shields / secondary, 2.0 cm shields
AA, 2.0 cm shields
Maximum speed for 12005 shaft kw = 24.78 knots
Approximate cruising radius, 6000 nm / 12 knots
Typical complement: 189-245
Estimated cost, $3.873 million (£968,000)
Remarks:
Relative extent of belt armor, 85 percent of 'typical' coverage.
Ship has slow, easy roll; a good, steady gun platform.
Good seaboat; rides out heavy weather easily.
Ship is roomy, with superior accommodation and working space.
Distribution of weights:
Percent
normal
displacement:
Armament ......................... 74 tonnes = 3 pct
Armor, total ..................... 471 tonnes = 17 pct
Belt 251 tonnes = 9 pct
Deck 195 tonnes = 7 pct
C.T. 8 tonnes = 0 pct
Armament 18 tonnes = 1 pct
Machinery ........................ 475 tonnes = 17 pct
Hull and fittings; equipment ..... 1252 tonnes = 46 pct
Fuel, ammunition, stores ......... 319 tonnes = 12 pct
Miscellaneous weights ............ 135 tonnes = 5 pct
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2727 tonnes = 100 pct
Estimated metacentric height, 0.6 m
Displacement summary:
Light ship: 2408 tonnes
Standard displacement: 2512 tonnes
Normal service: 2727 tonnes
Full load: 2888 tonnes
Loading submergence 1007 tonnes/metre
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Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1.17
Shellfire needed to sink: 2224 kg = 58.4 x 14.0-cm shells
(Approximates weight of penetrating
shell hits needed to sink ship,
not counting critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 1.2
(Approximates number of 'typical'
torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform, 70 percent
(50 percent is 'average')
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam, 0.22
Relative quality as a seaboat: 1.35
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Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0.46
Sharpness coefficient: 0.33
Hull speed coefficient 'M' = 8.61
'Natural speed' for length = 19.8 knots
Power going to wave formation
at top speed: 52 percent
Estimated hull characteristics and strength:
Relative underwater volume absorbed by
magazines and engineering spaces: 83 percent
Relative accommodation and working space: 145 percent
Displacement factor: 127 percent
(Displacement relative to loading factors)
Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0.94
(Structure weight per square
metre of hull surface: 351 kg)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1.72
(for 4.80 m average freeboard;
freeboard adjustment +1.24 m)
Relative composite hull strength: 1.00
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[Machine-readable parameters: Spring Style v. 1.2.1]
393.60 x 45.92 x 11.48; 15.74 -- Dimensions
0.46 -- Block coefficient
1932 -- Year laid down
24.78 / 6000 / 12.00; Oil-fired turbine or equivalent -- Speed / radius / cruise
135 tons -- Miscellaneous weights
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6 x 5.51; 0 -- Main battery; turrets
Central positioning of guns
Gun-shields
:
6 x 2.99; 0 -- Secondary battery; turrets
Gun-shields
:
8 x 1.38 -- Tertiary (QF/AA) battery
Gun-shields
:
0 -- No fourth (light) battery
4 / 0 / 20.98 -- TT / submerged / size
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1.97 / 0.98 / 0.98 / 0.00; 85 -- Belt armor; relative extent
0.98 / 1.97 -- Deck / CT
0.98 / 0.79 / 0.79 / 0.00 -- Battery armor
(Note: For portability, values are stored in Anglo-American units)
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