WesWorld

Capital Vessels of the Armada

Carlos V, Iberia BB laid down 1911 (Engine 1926)

Carlos V
Fernando II
Enrique I
Jaime I

Displacement:
24,054 t light; 25,240 t standard; 27,156 t normal; 28,688 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
615.33 ft / 583.99 ft x 91.86 ft (Bulges 104.99 ft) x 24.61 ft (normal load)
187.55 m / 178.00 m x 28.00 m (Bulges 32.00 m) x 7.50 m

Armament:
8 - 13.78" / 350 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1,308.20lbs / 593.39kg shells, 1911 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x3 guns), 67.03lbs / 30.40kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
18 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (6x3 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1925 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 11,372 lbs / 5,158 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.8" / 350 mm 347.77 ft / 106.00 m 11.52 ft / 3.51 m
Ends: 5.91" / 150 mm 236.22 ft / 72.00 m 11.52 ft / 3.51 m
Upper: 7.87" / 200 mm 347.77 ft / 106.00 m 8.01 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 92 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead and Bulges:
1.18" / 30 mm 347.77 ft / 106.00 m 25.03 ft / 7.63 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 8.66" / 220 mm 9.84" / 250 mm
2nd: 2.36" / 60 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm
3rd: 1.18" / 30 mm 0.79" / 20 mm -

- Armour deck: 2.95" / 75 mm, Conning tower: 12.99" / 330 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 3 shafts, 79,650 shp / 59,419 Kw = 26.00 kts
Range 12,500nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,448 tons

Complement:
1,057 - 1,375

Cost:
£2.393 million / $9.571 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,421 tons, 5.2 %
Armour: 9,285 tons, 34.2 %
- Belts: 4,048 tons, 14.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 380 tons, 1.4 %
- Armament: 2,399 tons, 8.8 %
- Armour Deck: 2,204 tons, 8.1 %
- Conning Tower: 253 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 2,550 tons, 9.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,648 tons, 39.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,101 tons, 11.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 0.6 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
37,982 lbs / 17,229 Kg = 29.0 x 13.8 " / 350 mm shells or 6.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 5.5 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 18.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.43
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0.90

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.630
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.56 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.17 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 56
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 40.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 6.56 ft / 2.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.53 ft / 9.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.26 ft / 7.70 m
- Mid (50 %): 25.26 ft / 7.70 m (16.40 ft / 5.00 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Stern: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Average freeboard: 21.17 ft / 6.45 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 149.0 %
Waterplane Area: 40,347 Square feet or 3,748 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 186 lbs/sq ft or 909 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.47
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather


Replaced new engines and all light artillery.

Added torpedo bulges which significantly increased displacement. They also reduced the draught by 50 cm, extending the protection of the belt, which was judged by the admiralty to be submerged a bit too far for comfort, the original design having been somewhat overweight.

Replaced ram bow with a modern clipper bow wich came higher to compensate for the higher speed of the ship. High speed only acheivable in calm weather.

Santa Maria, Iberia AC laid down 1912 (Engine 1928 )

Santa Maria, scrapped 1944
Nina, scrapped 1944
Pinta

Displacement:
18,536 t light; 19,484 t standard; 21,005 t normal; 22,222 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
739.83 ft / 715.22 ft x 85.30 ft x 23.72 ft (normal load)
225.50 m / 218.00 m x 26.00 m x 7.23 m

Armament:
10 - 9.45" / 240 mm guns (5x2 guns), 421.80lbs / 191.33kg shells, 1912 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
12 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x3 guns), 67.03lbs / 30.40kg shells, 1921 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
12 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (4x3 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1921 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 5,090 lbs / 2,309 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 180

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9.06" / 230 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 11.09 ft / 3.38 m
Ends: 3.94" / 100 mm 255.91 ft / 78.00 m 11.09 ft / 3.38 m
Upper: 5.91" / 150 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 8.01 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 99 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead:
0.79" / 20 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 21.00 ft / 6.40 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.06" / 230 mm 4.72" / 120 mm 7.09" / 180 mm
2nd: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.18" / 30 mm
3rd: 1.18" / 30 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.57" / 40 mm, Conning tower: 9.84" / 250 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 98,868 shp / 73,755 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 14,000nm at 11.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,738 tons

Complement:
872 - 1,134

Cost:
£1.614 million / $6.457 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 636 tons, 3.0 %
Armour: 6,223 tons, 29.6 %
- Belts: 3,290 tons, 15.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 281 tons, 1.3 %
- Armament: 1,298 tons, 6.2 %
- Armour Deck: 1,193 tons, 5.7 %
- Conning Tower: 161 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 3,078 tons, 14.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,399 tons, 40.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,469 tons, 11.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 200 tons, 1.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
31,856 lbs / 14,450 Kg = 75.5 x 9.4 " / 240 mm shells or 4.7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
Metacentric height 4.5 ft / 1.4 m
Roll period: 16.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.46
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.09

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has low quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.508
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.38 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.74 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 64
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 45.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.61 ft / 7.50 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.51 ft / 6.25 m
- Mid (50 %): 20.51 ft / 6.25 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.93 ft / 4.55 m (20.51 ft / 6.25 m before break)
- Stern: 14.93 ft / 4.55 m
- Average freeboard: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 183.4 %
Waterplane Area: 40,948 Square feet or 3,804 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 119 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 145 lbs/sq ft or 710 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.01
- Longitudinal: 1.00
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

turrets are A-Bs-Q-Xs-Y

Portugal , Iberia BB laid down 1914 (25% refit - 1926)

Portugal, scrapped 1942
Equador, scrapped 1943
Cuba, scrapped 1944
Panama, scrapped 1944

Displacement:
30,058 t light; 32,583 t standard; 34,074 t normal; 35,268 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
649.61 ft / 649.61 ft x 104.99 ft x 26.90 ft (normal load)
198.00 m / 198.00 m x 32.00 m x 8.20 m

Armament:
12 - 13.78" / 350 mm guns (4x3 guns), 1,308.20lbs / 593.39kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.69" / 170 mm guns in single mounts, 149.90lbs / 68.00kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
12 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
12 - 3.94" / 100 mm guns (6x2 guns), 30.51lbs / 13.84kg shells, 1926 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
24 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (12x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1926 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
36 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns (18x2 guns), 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1926 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 18,008 lbs / 8,168 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 180

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.4" / 340 mm 426.51 ft / 130.00 m 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
Ends: 5.91" / 150 mm 219.82 ft / 67.00 m 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
3.28 ft / 1.00 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 7.87" / 200 mm 426.51 ft / 130.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.4" / 340 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 11.8" / 300 mm
2nd: 7.87" / 200 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 11.8" / 300 mm
3rd: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.98" / 25 mm -
4th: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.98" / 25 mm -
5th: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.98" / 25 mm -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 14.17" / 360 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 3 shafts, 45,353 shp / 33,833 Kw = 22.00 kts
Range 9,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,684 tons

Complement:
1,253 - 1,630

Cost:
£4.057 million / $16.227 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,251 tons, 6.6 %
Armour: 11,477 tons, 33.7 %
- Belts: 5,379 tons, 15.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 3,874 tons, 11.4 %
- Armour Deck: 1,903 tons, 5.6 %
- Conning Tower: 321 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 1,747 tons, 5.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,383 tons, 42.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,017 tons, 11.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 200 tons, 0.6 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
50,985 lbs / 23,126 Kg = 39.0 x 13.8 " / 350 mm shells or 4.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 6.5 ft / 2.0 m
Roll period: 17.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.76
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.53

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.650
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.19 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 25.49 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 46
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.81 ft / 10.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 30.18 ft / 9.20 m (27.89 ft / 8.50 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 27.89 ft / 8.50 m (18.04 ft / 5.50 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.04 ft / 5.50 m
- Stern: 18.04 ft / 5.50 m
- Average freeboard: 23.64 ft / 7.20 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 69.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 179.4 %
Waterplane Area: 52,245 Square feet or 4,854 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 205 lbs/sq ft or 1,002 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.62
- Overall: 1.02
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

El Cid, Iberia Heavy Cruiser laid down 1920

Displacement:
22,327 t light; 23,298 t standard; 25,156 t normal; 26,541 t full load
Loading submergence 1,236 tons/feet

Dimensions:
738.19 ft x 88.58 ft x 24.93 ft (normal load)
225.00 m x 27.00 m x 7.60 m

Armament:
12 - 9.45" / 240 mm guns (4 Main turrets x 3 guns, 2 superfiring turrets)
16 - 3.94" / 100 mm AA guns
12 - 2.24" / 57 mm guns
Weight of broadside 5,618 lbs / 2,548 kg
8 - 23.6" / 600 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
Belt 9.06" / 230 mm, upper belt 5.91" / 150 mm, end belts 3.94" / 100 mm
Belts cover 87 % of normal area
Main turrets 9.06" / 230 mm, AA gun shields 0.79" / 20 mm, Light gun shields 0.79" / 20 mm
Armour deck 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower 5.91" / 150 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 3 shafts, 136,245 shp / 101,639 Kw = 31.60 kts
Range 10,000nm at 13.00 kts

Complement:
998 - 1,298

Cost:
£4.818 million / $19.271 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 702 tons, 2.8 %
Armour: 6,293 tons, 25.0 %
Belts: 2,978 tons, 11.8 %, Armament: 1,630 tons, 6.5 %, Armour Deck: 1,576 tons, 6.3 %
Conning Tower: 110 tons, 0.4 %, Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 4,764 tons, 18.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,468 tons, 41.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,829 tons, 11.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 100 tons, 0.4 %

Metacentric height 4.9

Remarks:
Hull space for machinery, storage & compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation & workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1.09
Shellfire needed to sink: 36,878 lbs / 16,727 Kg = 87.4 x 9.4 " / 240 mm shells
(Approx weight of penetrating shell hits needed to sink ship excluding critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 3.1
(Approx number of typical torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform: 73 %
(Average = 50 %)
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam: 0.53
Relative quality as seaboat: 1.31

Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0.540
Sharpness coefficient: 0.37
Hull speed coefficient 'M': 7.71
'Natural speed' for length: 27.17 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim: 56
(Maximise stabilty/flotation = 0, Maximise steadiness/seakeeping = 100)

Estimated hull characteristics & strength:
Underwater volume absorbed by magazines and engineering spaces: 84.0 %
Relative accommodation and working space: 205.8 %
(Average = 100%)
Displacement factor: 117 %
(Displacement relative to loading factors)
Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0.95
(Structure weight / hull surface area: 155 lbs / square foot or 758 Kg / square metre)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1.47
(for 27.89 ft / 8.50 m average freeboard, freeboard adjustment 9.68 ft)
Relative composite hull strength: 1.00

La Luna (build), Iberia BB laid down 1932

La Luna
El Sol
Los Estellas

Displacement:
25,584 t light; 27,000 t standard; 29,329 t normal; 31,193 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
731.80 ft / 700.46 ft x 98.43 ft x 25.59 ft (normal load)
223.05 m / 213.50 m x 30.00 m x 7.80 m

Armament:
6 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (2x3 guns), 1,873.93lbs / 850.00kg shells, 1932 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
4 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (2x2 guns), 67.03lbs / 30.40kg shells, 1928 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x2 guns), 67.03lbs / 30.40kg shells, 1928 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread
24 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (12x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1930 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
32 - 0.98" / 25.0 mm guns (16x2 guns), 0.48lbs / 0.22kg shells, 1931 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 12 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 12,199 lbs / 5,533 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.8" / 350 mm 371.39 ft / 113.20 m 11.91 ft / 3.63 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead:
0.98" / 25 mm 371.39 ft / 113.20 m 25.75 ft / 7.85 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 15.0" / 380 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 13.8" / 350 mm
2nd: 2.36" / 60 mm 1.57" / 40 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
3rd: 2.36" / 60 mm 1.57" / 40 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm -
5th: 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm -

- Armour deck: 4.72" / 120 mm, Conning tower: 3.15" / 80 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Electric motors, 2 shafts, 85,273 shp / 63,614 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,193 tons

Complement:
1,119 - 1,456

Cost:
£10.922 million / $43.689 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,375 tons, 4.7 %
Armour: 9,624 tons, 32.8 %
- Belts: 2,753 tons, 9.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 348 tons, 1.2 %
- Armament: 1,944 tons, 6.6 %
- Armour Deck: 4,514 tons, 15.4 %
- Conning Tower: 65 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 2,517 tons, 8.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,918 tons, 40.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,745 tons, 12.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 0.5 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
46,962 lbs / 21,302 Kg = 28.0 x 15.0 " / 380 mm shells or 7.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 6.3 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 16.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.50
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.09

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.582
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.12 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.77 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 64
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 40.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 6.56 ft / 2.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.53 ft / 9.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 21.98 ft / 6.70 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.04 ft / 5.50 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.04 ft / 5.50 m
- Stern: 18.04 ft / 5.50 m
- Average freeboard: 20.03 ft / 6.10 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 166.6 %
Waterplane Area: 51,646 Square feet or 4,798 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 178 lbs/sq ft or 867 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.24
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Mercurio, Iberia BB laid down 1937

Mercurio
Venus
Tierra
Marte

Displacement:
38,957 t light; 41,812 t standard; 45,779 t normal; 48,953 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(809.62 ft / 787.40 ft) x 103.35 ft x (32.81 / 34.60 ft)
(246.77 m / 240.00 m) x 31.50 m x (10.00 / 10.55 m)

Armament:
9 - 14.96" / 380 mm 45.0 cal guns - 1,873.93lbs / 850.00kg shells, 150 per gun
Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1937 Model
3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
1 raised mount - superfiring
22 - 5.12" / 130 mm 45.0 cal guns - 67.61lbs / 30.67kg shells, 400 per gun
Dual purpose guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1937 Model
10 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
4 raised mounts
1 x Twin mount on centreline, aft deck forward
1 raised mount
36 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 5.70lbs / 2.59kg shells, 1,500 per gun
Dual purpose guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1937 Model
14 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
14 raised mounts
4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
48 - 0.98" / 25.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 0.48lbs / 0.22kg shells, 2,500 per gun
Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1937 Model
24 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
24 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 18,581 lbs / 8,428 kg

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.8" / 375 mm 524.93 ft / 160.00 m 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.97" / 50 mm 524.93 ft / 160.00 m 29.53 ft / 9.00 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 15.7" / 400 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 13.8" / 350 mm
2nd: 2.95" / 75 mm 1.38" / 35 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
3rd: 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm -

- Armoured deck - multiple decks: 6.30" / 160 mm For and Aft decks

- Conning towers: Forward 7.87" / 200 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Electric motors, 4 shafts, 140,220 shp / 104,604 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,141 tons

Complement:
1,564 - 2,034

Cost:
£19.037 million / $76.146 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,949 tons, 6.4 %
Armour: 15,897 tons, 34.7 %
- Belts: 5,417 tons, 11.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,129 tons, 2.5 %
- Armament: 3,212 tons, 7.0 %
- Armour Deck: 5,922 tons, 12.9 %
- Conning Tower: 217 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 3,886 tons, 8.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,725 tons, 34.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,822 tons, 14.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 500 tons, 1.1 %
- Hull below water: 150 tons
- Hull above water: 150 tons
- On freeboard deck: 100 tons
- Above deck: 100 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
67,594 lbs / 30,660 Kg = 40.4 x 15.0 " / 380 mm shells or 10.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 6.3 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 17.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 59 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.64
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck,
an extended bulbous bow and large transom stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.609
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.62 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 32.37 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 59
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 32.81 ft / 10.00 m, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m, 19.69 ft / 6.00 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 19.69 ft / 6.00 m, 17.88 ft / 5.45 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 17.88 ft / 5.45 m, 17.88 ft / 5.45 m
- Average freeboard: 20.59 ft / 6.28 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 147.9 %
Waterplane Area: 62,038 Square feet or 5,764 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 201 lbs/sq ft or 981 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.17
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Jupiter class battleship

Jupiter, laid down 1940
Saturno, laid down 1941
Urano, laid down 1941, cancelled/scrapped 1942
Neptuno, laid down 1941, cancelled/scrapped 1942

A follow-on to the Mercurio class. Designing to fit the Panama Canal was a major concern and constrained the beam in particular.

Four units were ordered and laid down, but a shift in priorities saw the third and fourth unit swiftly cancelled and broken up on the ways.

Jupiter/Saturno laid down 1940

Displacement:
49,854 t light; 52,342 t standard; 56,264 t normal; 59,401 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
904.14 ft / 884.19 ft x 108.27 ft x 32.81 ft (normal load)
275.58 m / 269.50 m x 33.00 m x 10.00 m

Armament:
12 - 14.96" / 380 mm guns (4x3 guns), 1,873.93lbs / 850.00kg shells, 1940 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
20 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (10x2 guns), 67.03lbs / 30.41kg shells, 1940 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
48 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (24x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1940 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
48 - 0.98" / 25.0 mm guns (24x2 guns), 0.48lbs / 0.22kg shells, 1940 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 24,122 lbs / 10,942 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.8" / 375 mm 574.15 ft / 175.00 m 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.97" / 50 mm 574.15 ft / 175.00 m 30.94 ft / 9.43 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 15.7" / 400 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 15.7" / 400 mm
3rd: 2.95" / 75 mm 1.38" / 35 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm
5th: 0.79" / 20 mm 0.79" / 20 mm -

- Armour deck: 6.30" / 160 mm, Conning tower: 7.87" / 200 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Electric motors, 4 shafts, 156,255 shp / 116,566 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,060 tons

Complement:
1,826 - 2,374

Cost:
£27.666 million / $110.664 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,716 tons, 4.8 %
Armour: 20,975 tons, 37.3 %
- Belts: 5,936 tons, 10.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,294 tons, 2.3 %
- Armament: 4,772 tons, 8.5 %
- Armour Deck: 8,725 tons, 15.5 %
- Conning Tower: 249 tons, 0.4 %
Machinery: 4,178 tons, 7.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 21,369 tons, 38.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,410 tons, 11.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 616 tons, 1.1 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
87,661 lbs / 39,763 Kg = 52.4 x 15.0 " / 380 mm shells or 13.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 7.0 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 17.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.71
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.12

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.627
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.17 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 34.02 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 45
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.87 ft / 8.80 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 23.95 ft / 7.30 m
- Mid (50 %): 22.31 ft / 6.80 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.67 ft / 6.30 m
- Stern: 20.67 ft / 6.30 m
- Average freeboard: 22.74 ft / 6.93 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 173.7 %
Waterplane Area: 74,869 Square feet or 6,956 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 213 lbs/sq ft or 1,041 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.01
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent