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Hel (4b), Denmark, Heavy Cruiser laid down 1923

K.D.M. Hel
K.D.M. Freya

Displacement:
12,905 t light; 13,552 t standard; 15,120 t normal; 16,314 t full load
Loading submergence 898 tons/feet

Dimensions:
666.00 ft x 74.00 ft x 21.00 ft (normal load)
203.00 m x 22.56 m x 6.40 m

Armament:
12 - 8.27" / 210 mm guns (4 Main turrets x 3 guns, 2 superfiring turrets)
12 - 4.72" / 120 mm guns (6 2nd turrets x 2 guns)
8 - 2.99" / 76 mm AA guns
24 - 0.79" / 20 mm guns
Weight of broadside 4,137 lbs / 1,876 kg
8 - 24.0" / 609.6 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
Belt 4.00" / 102 mm, ends unarmoured
Belts cover 96 % of normal area
Main turrets 4.00" / 102 mm, 2nd turrets 1.25" / 32 mm
AA gun shields 0.75" / 19 mm, Light gun shields 0.75" / 19 mm
Armour deck 1.75" / 44 mm, Conning tower 2.50" / 64 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 93,711 shp / 69,909 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 14,000nm at 12.00 kts

Complement:
681 - 886

Cost:
£3.853 million / $15.413 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 517 tons, 3.4 %
Armour: 2,561 tons, 16.9 %
Belts: 707 tons, 4.7 %, Armament: 804 tons, 5.3 %, Armour Deck: 1,018 tons, 6.7 %
Conning Tower: 33 tons, 0.2 %, Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 3,132 tons, 20.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,545 tons, 43.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,215 tons, 14.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 1.0 %

Metacentric height 3.8

Remarks:
Hull space for machinery, storage & compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation & workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1.10
Shellfire needed to sink: 19,258 lbs / 8,735 Kg = 68.2 x 8.3 " / 210 mm shells
(Approx weight of penetrating shell hits needed to sink ship excluding critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 2.1
(Approx number of typical torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform: 71 %
(Average = 50 %)
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam: 0.61
Relative quality as seaboat: 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0.511
Sharpness coefficient: 0.35
Hull speed coefficient 'M': 8.24
'Natural speed' for length: 25.81 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim: 59
(Maximise stabilty/flotation = 0, Maximise steadiness/seakeeping = 100)

Estimated hull characteristics & strength:
Underwater volume absorbed by magazines and engineering spaces: 95.0 %
Relative accommodation and working space: 165.9 %
(Average = 100%)
Displacement factor: 115 %
(Displacement relative to loading factors)
Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0.97
(Structure weight / hull surface area: 133 lbs / square foot or 652 Kg / square metre)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1.28
(for 22.10 ft / 6.74 m average freeboard, freeboard adjustment 5.65 ft)
Relative composite hull strength: 1.00

"Hel" is the lead ship in a new class of heavy cruisers for the K.D.M., giving the navy a qualitative leap in capability.
They are to form the core of cruiser squadrons for the various areas of deployment of the K.D.M.
They are also to be the first ships of the K.D.M. to carry aircraft, with hanger space to carry
3 X Hansa Brandenburg W.29 (f) 2 seat recon fighters and a catapult to launch them.
Armament Layout as follows...
Main armament = A-3, B-3, X-3, Y-3
Secondary armament = 3 X twin turrets on each beam.
Torpedoes are mounted in 2 quad turrets, 1 to each beam

Einmyria, Denmark Heavy Cruiser laid down 1932

Displacement:
12,946 t light; 13,635 t standard; 15,114 t normal; 16,297 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
706.01 ft / 686.00 ft x 72.00 ft x 21.00 ft (normal load)
215.19 m / 209.09 m x 21.95 m x 6.40 m

Armament:
12 - 8.27" / 210 mm guns (4x3 guns), 282.57lbs / 128.17kg shells, 1926 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
18 - 4.72" / 120 mm guns (6x3 guns), 52.72lbs / 23.91kg shells, 1930 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
32 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (8x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1928 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 4 raised mounts
16 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns (8x2 guns), 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1930 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1930 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 4,395 lbs / 1,994 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
8 - 23.6" / 600 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.92" / 125 mm 390.32 ft / 118.97 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 88 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 5.91" / 150 mm 3.94" / 100 mm 4.92" / 125 mm
2nd: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
3rd: 0.79" / 20 mm - -
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm - -
5th: 0.79" / 20 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 3.94" / 100 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 91,150 shp / 67,998 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 15,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,663 tons

Complement:
681 - 886

Cost:
£5.869 million / $23.477 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 549 tons, 3.6 %
Armour: 3,001 tons, 19.9 %
- Belts: 808 tons, 5.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 883 tons, 5.8 %
- Armour Deck: 1,258 tons, 8.3 %
- Conning Tower: 52 tons, 0.3 %
Machinery: 2,690 tons, 17.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,546 tons, 43.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,168 tons, 14.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 160 tons, 1.1 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
19,234 lbs / 8,724 Kg = 68.1 x 8.3 " / 210 mm shells or 2.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.02
Metacentric height 3.2 ft / 1.0 m
Roll period: 16.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.71
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.510
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.53 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.97 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 68
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 5.00 ft / 1.52 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Forecastle (25 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 19.35 ft / 5.90 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 87.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 152.8 %
Waterplane Area: 34,545 Square feet or 3,209 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 132 lbs/sq ft or 646 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.05
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Secondary armament = 3 X HA/LA twin turrets on each beam. Simmed as triples to allow for extra weight of HA/LA mounts.
Torpedoes are mounted in 2 quad turrets, 1 to each beam

Sister ship = Eisa