WesWorld

Shivaji

[SIZE=3]Shivaji Class Light Battlecruiser[/SIZE]



The Indian Navy's first foray into self-designed cruisers culminated with the laying down of the Columbo -class light cruisers in 1917. As part of the so-called "Cruiser Navy" doctrine, the Columbo type would form the basis of three large cruiser squadrons tasked with defending separate parts of Indian waters. Each squadron was to consist of four light cruisers, two fast armored cruisers (or "heavy cruisers", as they came to be termed) and a single light battlecruiser, with a screen of destroyers laden with torpedoes.

The next piece in the puzzle, the heavy cruisers, began to be laid down in 1918. The Hyderabad was similar in many respects to the British Hawkins class, leading to speculation that the Indians had somehow acquired copies of the design.

Even as Hyderabad took shape on a slipway in Mumbai, the Naval Design Board began work on the light battlecruisers that were to lead the Cruiser Navy. Initially, the type shared similarities with the Courageous class, but India's experience putting light cruisers up against Dutch coastal defence battleships was incorporated into the process.

Consequently, the design evolved into a fast unit with battlecruiser-scale armor and a number of intermediate-caliber guns. Although the original battery was planned to be 3x2 11", the Indians' largest artillery piece at the time was a 9.8" weapon fielded by the Army. Consequently, the battery was fixed at 3x3 9.8", with turret Bruno superfiring.

The design characteristics for the type - which came to be known as Shivaji (named for a historical warlord of renown) - were fixed in early 1920. Indeed, a new monitor was designed (and eventually completed) with triple 9.8" and 5.9" turrets to test these weapons before Shivaji 's projected 1923 lay-down date.

However, within a few months, political events - a new Defence Minister and an alliance with South Africa - sent the Navy moving away from the "Cruiser Navy" concept. In late 1920, with the Cleito Treaty about to be implemented, the Indian Navy quietly took steps to quash the Cruiser Navy program. The Columbo and Hyderabad classes were truncated to five and three ships respectively. Several senior officers managed to delay the outright cancellation of the Shivaji , arguing that it was a logical progression to building larger battleships and would give India the most powerful cruiser in the world.

In August 1921, these arguments were finally rejected by the Minister of Defence. The Minister cancelled the Shivaji project on 24 August 1921, instead directing the Naval Design Board to develop a trio of modern battleships for laying-down in 1924.


Shivaji, projected for lay-down 1923, cancelled 1921
#2, projected for lay-down 1923, cancelled 1921
#3, projected for lay-down 1923, cancelled 1921

Length, 216.5 m x Beam, 21.6 m x Depth, 7.9 m
19473 tonnes normal displacement (18173 tonnes standard)

Main battery: 9 x 25.0-cm (3 x 3; 1 superfiring)
Secondary battery: 9 x 15.0-cm (3 x 3)
AA battery: 8 x 10.5-cm
Light battery: 8 x 3.5-cm

Weight of broadside: 2505 kg

Main belt, 20.0 cm; ends unarmored
Armor deck, average 7.5 cm
Conning tower, 20.0 cm

Battery armor:
Main, 20.0 cm / secondary, 7.5 cm
AA, 2.5 cm shields / light guns, 2.0 cm shields

Maximum speed for 90049 shaft kw = 32.07 knots
Approximate cruising radius, 10000 nm / 12 knots

Typical complement: 824-1071


Estimated cost, $20.359 million (£5.090 million)

Remarks:

Relative extent of belt armor, 96 percent of 'typical' coverage.

Ship is roomy, with superior accommodation and working space.


Distribution of weights:
Percent
normal
displacement:

Armament ......................... 689 tonnes = 4 pct
Armor, total ..................... 4730 tonnes = 24 pct

Belt 1446 tonnes = 7 pct
Deck 1777 tonnes = 9 pct
C.T. 123 tonnes = 1 pct
Armament 1384 tonnes = 7 pct

Machinery ........................ 4033 tonnes = 21 pct
Hull and fittings; equipment ..... 7773 tonnes = 40 pct
Fuel, ammunition, stores ......... 2148 tonnes = 11 pct
Miscellaneous weights ............ 100 tonnes = 1 pct
-----
19473 tonnes = 100 pct

Estimated metacentric height, 1.0 m

Displacement summary:

Light ship: 17324 tonnes
Standard displacement: 18173 tonnes
Normal service: 19473 tonnes
Full load: 20434 tonnes

Loading submergence 3048 tonnes/metre

+++++++++++++++++++++++++


Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:

Relative margin of stability: 1.06

Shellfire needed to sink: 9486 kg = 43.8 x 25.0-cm shells
(Approximates weight of penetrating
shell hits needed to sink ship,
not counting critical hits)

Torpedoes needed to sink: 2.1
(Approximates number of 'typical'
torpedo hits needed to sink ship)

Relative steadiness as gun platform, 55 percent
(50 percent is 'average')

Relative rocking effect from firing to beam, 0.73

Relative quality as a seaboat: 1.06

+++++++++++++++++++++++++


Hull form characteristics:

Block coefficient: 0.52
Sharpness coefficient: 0.34
Hull speed coefficient 'M' = 8.07
'Natural speed' for length = 26.6 knots
Power going to wave formation
at top speed: 53 percent


Estimated hull characteristics and strength:

Relative underwater volume absorbed by
magazines and engineering spaces: 95 percent

Relative accommodation and working space: 155 percent


Displacement factor: 107 percent
(Displacement relative to loading factors)


Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 1.00
(Structure weight per square
metre of hull surface: 714 kg)

Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1.18
(for 6.30 m average freeboard;
freeboard adjustment +1.03 m)

Relative composite hull strength: 1.02

+++++++++++++++++++++++++


[Machine-readable parameters: Spring Style v. 1.2.1]

710.00 x 71.00 x 26.00; 20.66 -- Dimensions
0.52 -- Block coefficient
1923 -- Year laid down
32.07 / 10000 / 12.00; Oil-fired turbine or equivalent -- Speed / radius / cruise
100 tons -- Miscellaneous weights
++++++++++
9 x 9.84; 3; 1 -- Main battery; turrets; superfiring
:
9 x 5.91; 3 -- Secondary battery; turrets
:
8 x 4.13 -- Tertiary (QF/AA) battery
Gun-shields
:
8 x 1.38 -- Fourth (light) battery
0 -- No torpedo armament
++++++++++
7.87 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00; 96 -- Belt armor; relative extent
2.95 / 7.87 -- Deck / CT
7.87 / 2.95 / 1.00 / 0.79 -- Battery armor


(Note: For portability, values are stored in Anglo-American units)


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The large light cruiser was considered as an alternative to the heavy cruiser design that was eventually built as the Vadodara class. It was, ultimately rejected, as most senior officers preferred the much heavier 21 cm battery of the Vadodara.

There were even larger light cruiser designs contemplated, one of which is rumored to be a ship with four quadruple 15 cm guns on a Vadodara hull. Design specs and drawings have not yet been declassifed if this is truly the case.



Thanks to Walter for running the 'Sharp sim:

Varanasi, India Heavy Cruiser laid down 1928

Displacement:
9,556 t light; 10,000 t standard; 10,938 t normal; 11,688 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
627.19 ft / 610.24 ft x 61.02 ft x 21.00 ft (normal load)
191.17 m / 186.00 m x 18.60 m x 6.40 m

Armament:
15 - 5.91" / 150 mm guns (5x3 guns), 110.00lbs / 49.90kg shells, 1928 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 3 raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 4.13" / 105 mm guns (4x2 guns), 36.00lbs / 16.33kg shells, 1928 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
8 - 1.38" / 35.0 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1.31lbs / 0.59kg shells, 1928 Model (yeah, the pic shows 7x2 - sue me.)
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
4 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.10lbs / 0.05kg shells, 1928 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 1,949 lbs / 884 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200
16 - 21.7" / 550 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 5.12" / 130 mm 401.90 ft / 122.50 m 9.38 ft / 2.86 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 5.12" / 130 mm 3.15" / 80 mm 4.72" / 120 mm
2nd: 1.57" / 40 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.18" / 30 mm
3rd: 0.79" / 20 mm - -
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.57" / 40 mm, Conning tower: 5.12" / 130 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 3 shafts, 89,886 shp / 67,055 Kw = 32.20 kts
Range 10,840nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,689 tons

Complement:
534 - 695

Cost:
£3.510 million / $14.039 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 230 tons, 2.1 %
Armour: 2,139 tons, 19.6 %
- Belts: 801 tons, 7.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 567 tons, 5.2 %
- Armour Deck: 716 tons, 6.5 %
- Conning Tower: 54 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 2,798 tons, 25.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,314 tons, 39.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,382 tons, 12.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 75 tons, 0.7 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
12,279 lbs / 5,569 Kg = 119.2 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
Metacentric height 2.8 ft / 0.8 m
Roll period: 15.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.52
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.05

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.490
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.70 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 57
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 20.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 6.56 ft / 2.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.54 ft / 8.70 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 19.03 ft / 5.80 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.70 ft / 5.70 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.70 ft / 5.70 m
- Stern: 18.70 ft / 5.70 m
- Average freeboard: 19.58 ft / 5.97 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 101.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 112.8 %
Waterplane Area: 24,579 Square feet or 2,283 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 109 lbs/sq ft or 533 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.24
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

Main Gun layout A-B(s)-C(ss)-s)-Y

When the Sikara fighter entered service with the BNS as a floatplane fighter in 1936 many in the BNS saw an opportunity to increase the protection of secondary fronts naval operations and convoys by building frigates carrying one of the new fighter seaplanes with them.

The concept was discussed on a paper study, with even a model being build of the projected ships and the possibility to include in the 1938 Naval Program. Finally it was shelved late in 1936 after it was noted that it defeated the purpose of an escort; an aircraft will not make a difference in the protection of this ship wards except in numbers that were unrealistic while the frigates were forced to stop to retrieve their seaplanes making them a target themselves plus disrupting the convoy protection.


Vyara, India Frigate laid down 1938

Displacement:
1,045 t light; 1,091 t standard; 1,516 t normal; 1,856 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
316.28 ft / 305.12 ft x 32.48 ft x 11.15 ft (normal load)
96.40 m / 93.00 m x 9.90 m x 3.40 m

Armament:
3 - 4.92" / 125 mm guns (1x3 guns), 59.59lbs / 27.03kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose guns in a turret (on a barbette)
on centreline forward
6 - 1.38" / 35.0 mm guns (3x2 guns), 1.31lbs / 0.59kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, majority aft, all raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 0.10lbs / 0.05kg shells, 1938 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 187 lbs / 85 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1.18" / 30 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.18" / 30 mm
2nd: 0.79" / 20 mm - -
3rd: 0.39" / 10 mm - -

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 10,919 shp / 8,145 Kw = 25.00 kts
Range 20,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 765 tons

Complement:
120 - 157

Cost:
£0.553 million / $2.212 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 23 tons, 1.5 %
Armour: 17 tons, 1.2 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 17 tons, 1.2 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 299 tons, 19.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 585 tons, 38.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 471 tons, 31.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 120 tons, 7.9 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
2,366 lbs / 1,073 Kg = 39.7 x 4.9 " / 125 mm shells or 0.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.26
Metacentric height 1.4 ft / 0.4 m
Roll period: 11.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.35
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.56

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise aft of midbreak
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.480
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.39 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 36
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 20.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 17.72 ft / 5.40 m
- Mid (50 %): 9.84 ft / 3.00 m (17.72 ft / 5.40 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
- Stern: 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
- Average freeboard: 14.29 ft / 4.36 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 85.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 147.4 %
Waterplane Area: 6,741 Square feet or 626 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 164 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 46 lbs/sq ft or 222 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.75
- Longitudinal: 3.06
- Overall: 0.86
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

A design for a new minelayer was put forward in late 1935 to be considered for the 1937 and 1938 Programs. The design was finally rejected when negotiations with the Armada de Filipinas made possible for the BNS to locally produce copies of the Tapang minelayer, with the first units being projected for the 1939 Naval Program. The decision to instead build the copies of the Filipino minelayers made possible for the BNS to start some projects ahead of schedule.

Enter ship name, India Minelayer/Sweeper laid down 1938

Displacement:
555 t light; 585 t standard; 678 t normal; 752 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
235.83 ft / 229.66 ft x 26.25 ft x 7.87 ft (normal load)
71.88 m / 70.00 m x 8.00 m x 2.40 m

Armament:
4 - 4.13" / 105 mm guns (2x2 guns), 35.32lbs / 16.02kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread
4 - 1.38" / 35.0 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1.31lbs / 0.59kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
4 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.10lbs / 0.05kg shells, 1938 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 147 lbs / 67 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200

Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.79" / 20 mm - -
2nd: 0.39" / 10 mm - -

- Conning tower: 1.97" / 50 mm

Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 4,526 shp / 3,377 Kw = 22.00 kts
Range 4,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 167 tons

Complement:
66 - 86

Cost:
£0.294 million / $1.177 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 18 tons, 2.7 %
Armour: 10 tons, 1.4 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 6 tons, 0.9 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 3 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 124 tons, 18.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 318 tons, 46.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 123 tons, 18.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 85 tons, 12.5 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
1,097 lbs / 497 Kg = 31.0 x 4.1 " / 105 mm shells or 0.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.03
Metacentric height 0.7 ft / 0.2 m
Roll period: 13.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 91 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.45
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.82

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle
Block coefficient: 0.500
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.75 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.48 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 15.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.64 ft / 0.50 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16.90 ft / 5.15 m
- Forecastle (30 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m (11.48 ft / 3.50 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 11.48 ft / 3.50 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 11.48 ft / 3.50 m
- Stern: 11.48 ft / 3.50 m
- Average freeboard: 13.02 ft / 3.97 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 94.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 138.4 %
Waterplane Area: 4,176 Square feet or 388 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 139 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 37 lbs/sq ft or 181 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.84
- Longitudinal: 5.60
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

10t for growth
25t for minesweeping operations equipment
50t for mines and equipment

This cruiser was considered as a followup to the heavy cruiser Vadadora design. It was, ultimately rejected, as most senior officers preferred the much heavier 25 cm battery of the Chapra Class.

Experts think the strange layout of two quadruple turrets and one dual was the main reason that the design was finally rejected for the more common layout of he Chapra Class.

Chagra, Indian Heavy Cruiser laid down 1940

Displacement:
12,159 t light; 12,751 t standard; 14,544 t normal; 15,979 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
688.86 ft / 672.57 ft x 67.26 ft x 22.97 ft (normal load)
209.96 m / 205.00 m x 20.50 m x 7.00 m

Armament:
10 - 8.27" / 210 mm guns (3 mounts), 282.57lbs / 128.17kg shells, 1940 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 2 raised guns - superfiring
10 - 4.92" / 125 mm guns (5x2 guns), 59.59lbs / 27.03kg shells, 1940 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 1 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 1.38" / 35.0 mm guns (12x2 guns), 1.31lbs / 0.59kg shells, 1940 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
32 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm guns (8x4 guns), 0.10lbs / 0.05kg shells, 1940 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 3,456 lbs / 1,568 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7.09" / 180 mm 396.82 ft / 120.95 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 91 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.27" / 210 mm 4.72" / 120 mm 7.09" / 180 mm
2nd: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm - -

- Armour deck: 2.36" / 60 mm, Conning tower: 9.45" / 240 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 88,295 shp / 65,868 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 20,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,228 tons

Complement:
661 - 860

Cost:
£6.352 million / $25.408 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 432 tons, 3.0 %
Armour: 3,422 tons, 23.5 %
- Belts: 1,169 tons, 8.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 775 tons, 5.3 %
- Armour Deck: 1,357 tons, 9.3 %
- Conning Tower: 121 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 2,418 tons, 16.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,737 tons, 39.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,385 tons, 16.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 1.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
20,440 lbs / 9,271 Kg = 72.3 x 8.3 " / 210 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
Metacentric height 3.7 ft / 1.1 m
Roll period: 14.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.46
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.490
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.63 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 25.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 27.89 ft / 8.50 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 17.22 ft / 5.25 m
- Mid (50 %): 17.22 ft / 5.25 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.22 ft / 5.25 m
- Stern: 17.22 ft / 5.25 m
- Average freeboard: 18.08 ft / 5.51 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 154.1 %
Waterplane Area: 31,053 Square feet or 2,885 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 123 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 124 lbs/sq ft or 605 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.09
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent


150 tons reserved for aircraft, radar, and growth

Two quadruple main turrets forward and aft, one dual main turret superfiring forward

Paper study for the development of heavy armored escort ship. Rejected after it was decided such an ship would be a waste of resources due to their specialized role.

Chagos Indian Escort Cruiser laid down 1938

Displacement:
12,241 t light; 12,923 t standard; 14,544 t normal; 15,841 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
687.33 ft / 672.57 ft x 67.26 ft x 22.97 ft (normal load)
209.50 m / 205.00 m x 20.50 m x 7.00 m

Armament:
4 - 13.78" / 350 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,308.20lbs / 593.39kg shells, 1938 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
12 - 4.92" / 125 mm guns (6x2 guns), 59.59lbs / 27.03kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 1.38" / 35.0 mm guns (12x2 guns), 1.31lbs / 0.59kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
32 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm guns (8x4 guns), 0.10lbs / 0.05kg shells, 1938 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 5,744 lbs / 2,606 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.27" / 210 mm 437.17 ft / 133.25 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 280 mm 5.91" / 150 mm 8.27" / 210 mm
2nd: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm - -

- Armour deck: 3.15" / 80 mm, Conning tower: 9.45" / 240 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 35,555 shp / 26,524 Kw = 25.00 kts
Range 18,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,919 tons

Complement:
661 - 860

Cost:
£6.583 million / $26.330 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 718 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 4,169 tons, 28.7 %
- Belts: 1,480 tons, 10.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 759 tons, 5.2 %
- Armour Deck: 1,809 tons, 12.4 %
- Conning Tower: 121 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 974 tons, 6.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,230 tons, 42.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,304 tons, 15.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 1.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
24,111 lbs / 10,936 Kg = 18.4 x 13.8 " / 350 mm shells or 3.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
Metacentric height 3.2 ft / 1.0 m
Roll period: 15.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.81
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.25

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.490
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.63 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 39 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 56
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 25.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.61 ft / 7.50 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 15.58 ft / 4.75 m
- Mid (50 %): 15.58 ft / 4.75 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.58 ft / 4.75 m
- Stern: 15.58 ft / 4.75 m
- Average freeboard: 16.31 ft / 4.97 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 61.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 139.5 %
Waterplane Area: 31,053 Square feet or 2,885 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 121 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 138 lbs/sq ft or 672 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.10
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily


150 tons reserved for aircraft, radar, and growth

Design considered prior to Hyderabads. The overall length was kept to 220m so it will fit into India's drydocks at the time. Design was rejected due to certain considerations; 4 380mm weapons are not going to put enough steel in the air to reliably get hits, and the armor's not as heavy as the BNS leadership wanted.

Mughal, Indian Armored Cruiser laid down 1938

Displacement:
17,828 t light; 18,801 t standard; 20,801 t normal; 22,402 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
721.46 ft / 704.56 ft x 78.74 ft x 26.25 ft (normal load)
219.90 m / 214.75 m x 24.00 m x 8.00 m

Armament:
4 - 14.96" / 380 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,674.25lbs / 759.43kg shells, 1938 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
6 - 5.91" / 150 mm guns (2x3 guns), 102.98lbs / 46.71kg shells, 1928 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
12 - 4.92" / 125 mm guns (6x2 guns), 59.59lbs / 27.03kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
24 - 1.38" / 35.0 mm guns (12x2 guns), 1.31lbs / 0.59kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
32 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm guns (8x4 guns), 0.10lbs / 0.05kg shells, 1938 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 8,065 lbs / 3,658 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
8 - 21.7" / 550 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.66" / 220 mm 415.85 ft / 126.75 m 9.97 ft / 3.04 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 91 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 7.09" / 180 mm 11.0" / 280 mm
2nd: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
3rd: 0.98" / 25 mm - -
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm - -

- Armour deck: 3.15" / 80 mm, Conning tower: 9.45" / 240 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 102,688 shp / 76,605 Kw = 31.50 kts
Range 18,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,601 tons

Complement:
865 - 1,125

Cost:
£10.509 million / $42.035 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,008 tons, 4.8 %
Armour: 5,087 tons, 24.5 %
- Belts: 1,535 tons, 7.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 1,158 tons, 5.6 %
- Armour Deck: 2,240 tons, 10.8 %
- Conning Tower: 154 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 2,812 tons, 13.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,762 tons, 42.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,973 tons, 14.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 160 tons, 0.8 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
26,854 lbs / 12,181 Kg = 16.0 x 15.0 " / 380 mm shells or 2.7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 4.5 ft / 1.4 m
Roll period: 15.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.63
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.05

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.500
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.95 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.56 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 25.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.20 ft / 8.90 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 18.60 ft / 5.67 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.60 ft / 5.67 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.60 ft / 5.67 m
- Stern: 18.60 ft / 5.67 m
- Average freeboard: 19.45 ft / 5.93 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 140.8 %
Waterplane Area: 38,439 Square feet or 3,571 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 157 lbs/sq ft or 766 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.28
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

160 tons reserved for aircraft, radar, and growth

Design proposed in early 1940 for construction in 1942. Basically a copy of the Peruvian Villar with Bharati armament. It was approved for construction but financial and strategic issues forced the cancellation of the two planned units early in 1942. The decision was made to save resources to built a larger unit instead.

Male, India Armored Cruiser laid down 1942

Displacement:
23,090 t light; 24,099 t standard; 25,944 t normal; 27,420 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
741.73 ft / 721.78 ft x 82.02 ft x 27.89 ft (normal load)
226.08 m / 220.00 m x 25.00 m x 8.50 m

Armament:
8 - 12.01" / 305 mm guns (2x4 guns), 925.94lbs / 420.00kg shells, 1942 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
8 - 4.92" / 125 mm guns (4x2 guns), 59.59lbs / 27.03kg shells, 1942 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 4.92" / 125 mm guns (4x2 guns), 59.59lbs / 27.03kg shells, 1942 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
12 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm guns (6x2 guns), 12.87lbs / 5.84kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
24 - 1.38" / 35.0 mm guns (6x4 guns), 1.31lbs / 0.59kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 8,547 lbs / 3,877 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11.8" / 300 mm 469.16 ft / 143.00 m 10.86 ft / 3.31 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.57" / 40 mm 469.16 ft / 143.00 m 25.59 ft / 7.80 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.8" / 350 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 11.8" / 300 mm
2nd: 1.18" / 30 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.18" / 30 mm
3rd: 1.18" / 30 mm 0.79" / 20 mm 1.18" / 30 mm
4th: 0.79" / 20 mm 0.39" / 10 mm 0.39" / 10 mm
5th: 0.39" / 10 mm - -

- Armour deck: 3.94" / 100 mm, Conning tower: 13.78" / 350 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 130,768 shp / 97,553 Kw = 32.25 kts
Range 15,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,321 tons

Complement:
1,021 - 1,328

Cost:
£13.927 million / $55.709 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,008 tons, 3.9 %
Armour: 8,029 tons, 30.9 %
- Belts: 2,540 tons, 9.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 700 tons, 2.7 %
- Armament: 1,396 tons, 5.4 %
- Armour Deck: 3,133 tons, 12.1 %
- Conning Tower: 260 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 3,377 tons, 13.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,526 tons, 40.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,854 tons, 11.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 0.6 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
38,174 lbs / 17,315 Kg = 44.1 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 5.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 4.8 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 15.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.550
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.80 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.79 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 49
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.87 ft / 8.80 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 21.16 ft / 6.45 m
- Mid (50 %): 21.16 ft / 6.45 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.16 ft / 6.45 m
- Stern: 21.16 ft / 6.45 m
- Average freeboard: 21.78 ft / 6.64 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 96.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 169.8 %
Waterplane Area: 43,014 Square feet or 3,996 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 167 lbs/sq ft or 815 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.01
- Longitudinal: 1.38
- Overall: 1.05
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Misc. weight includes air & gunnery control radar