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Guanyin is the code name for a number of coastal radar stations, which were built in China during the years after the Sino-Filipino war. The Guanyin stations are placed along the coast of China, including Formosa. Due to the Sino-Chosen-conflict, it was taken hurriedly in operation from the research station of the Air Ministry, thats the reason why not the complete coast is covered and only nine bastions are ready at the beginning of the hostilities. The system provided good services and so some of the enemy approaches could be detected early enough. Due to this success, the chinese leadership decided to expand this system.

The Anti Aircraft Artillery (AAA) is the centerpiece of the chinese air defense. The smallest tactical unit of the chinese anti-aircraft artillery is a battery. A Battery usually had four to six guns. The larger unit is a battalion, composed of three to five gun batteries and a searchlight battery. Battalions would be "light", "mixed", or "heavy", referring to the size of guns in their batteries. Anti-aircraft guns in use were in two light calibers and three heavy calibers – light 20 mm and 37 mm; and the heavy 88 mm, 105 mm, and 128 mm.
The battalions were organized into regiments, brigades and Anti-Aircraft divisions. Each division generally consists of five Anti-Aircraft regiments, one searchlight regiment, three motorized Anti-Aircraft transport battalions, one communication battalion, and supply troops. The number of transport battalions varied depending on location and need of transport of the division.