WesWorld

Note: the Russian Federation Navy uses the term "Aviation Cruiser" as the generic term for an aircraft carrier. According to the current nomenclature, the Avianesushyi Kreyser ("Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser", abbreviated AKR) refers to the classic carrier engaged in fleet duties, while the term Protovolodochny Kreyser ("Antisubmarine Cruiser", abbreviated PKR) refers to the merchant vessels converted into "escort carriers" for use in antisubmarine warfare. The TAKR ("Tyazholyi Avianesushyi Kreyser", or Heavy Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser") is a subset of the AKR type, referring to particularly large aircraft carriers.

Avianesushyi Kreyseri / Aircraft-Carrying Cruisers
Strashniy-class Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Strashniy: Laid down 1923, refitted 1938

Gangut-class Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Gangut: Laid down 1925

Sinop-class Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Sinop: Laid down 1927
- Petropavlovsk: Laid down 1927

Kulikovo-class Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Kulikovo: Laid down 1932

Chesma-class Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Chesma: Laid down 1934
- Kazan: Laid down 1934

Azov-class Heavy Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Azov: Laid down 1938
- Osel: Laid down 1938

Grengam-class Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Grengam: Laid down 1940

Afonskoye-class Heavy Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Afonskoye: Laid down 1943

Reval-class Heavy Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
- Reval: Laid down 1944
- Kerch: Laid down 1944

Protovolodochny Kreyser / Antisubmarine Aviation Cruisers
Canopus-class Antisubmarine Aviation Cruiser
- Canopus: Converted 1920
- Sirius: Converted 1936

Aldeberan-class Antisubmarine Aviation Cruiser
- Orion: Laid down 1916, converted 1939
- Castor: Laid down 1916, converted 1940

Cygnus-class Antisubmarine Aviation Cruiser
- Cygnus: Laid down 1916, converted 1943

Canopus class Aircraft Carrier, laid down 1920
Length, 160.0 m x Beam, 18.0 m x Depth, 6.0 m
10976 tonnes normal displacement (9331 tonnes standard)
Main battery: 4 x 13.0-cm (2 x 2)
Secondary battery: 8 x 10.0-cm
AA battery: 24 x 3.7-cm
Weight of broadside: 250 kg
Main belt, 10.0 cm; bow and stern, 5.0 cm
Armor deck, average 10.0 cm
Conning tower, 10.0 cm
Battery armor:
Main, 2.5 cm / secondary, 2.5 cm shields
AA, 2.5 cm shields
Aircraft - 32 (16 Fighters, 12 Torpedo Bombers, 4 Recce)
Maximum speed for 47417 shaft kw = 28.50 knots
Approximate cruising radius, 10700 nm / 15 knots
Typical complement: 536-697

Estimated cost, $6.487 million (£1.622 million)
Remarks:
Ship has slow, easy roll; a good, steady gun platform.
Excellent seaboat; comfortable and able to fight her guns
in the heaviest weather.
Magazines and engineering spaces are roomy, with superior
watertight subdivision.
Ship is roomy, with superior accommodation and working space.

Distribution of weights:
Percent
normal
displacement:
Armament ......................... 69 tonnes = 1 pct
Armor, total ..................... 2394 tonnes = 22 pct
Belt 638 tonnes = 6 pct
Deck 1657 tonnes = 15 pct
C.T. 42 tonnes = 0 pct
Armament 58 tonnes = 1 pct
Machinery ........................ 2222 tonnes = 20 pct
Hull and fittings; equipment ..... 3357 tonnes = 31 pct
Fuel, ammunition, stores ......... 1910 tonnes = 17 pct
Miscellaneous weights ............ 1024 tonnes = 9 pct
-----
10976 tonnes = 100 pct
Estimated metacentric height, 1.0 m
Displacement summary:
Light ship: 9066 tonnes
Standard displacement: 9331 tonnes
Normal service: 10976 tonnes
Full load: 12248 tonnes
Loading submergence 2131 tonnes/metre
+++++++++++++++++++++++++

Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Relative margin of stability: 1.20
Shellfire needed to sink: 7958 kg = 260.9 x 13.0-cm shells
(Approximates weight of penetrating
shell hits needed to sink ship,
not counting critical hits)
Torpedoes needed to sink: 2.0
(Approximates number of 'typical'
torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
Relative steadiness as gun platform, 70 percent
(50 percent is 'average')
Relative rocking effect from firing to beam, 0.17
Relative quality as a seaboat: 1.50
+++++++++++++++++++++++++

Hull form characteristics:
Block coefficient: 0.63
Sharpness coefficient: 0.39
Hull speed coefficient 'M' = 7.22
'Natural speed' for length = 22.9 knots
Power going to wave formation
at top speed: 58 percent

Estimated hull characteristics and strength:
Relative underwater volume absorbed by
magazines and engineering spaces: 81 percent
Relative accommodation and working space: 187 percent

Displacement factor: 131 percent
(Displacement relative to loading factors)

Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 0.95
(Structure weight per square
metre of hull surface: 438 kg)
Relative longitudinal hull strength: 1.65
(for 7.07 m average freeboard;
freeboard adjustment +2.37 m)
Relative composite hull strength: 1.00
+++++++++++++++++++++++++

[Machine-readable parameters: Spring Style v. 1.2.1]
524.80 x 59.04 x 19.68; 23.19 -- Dimensions
0.63 -- Block coefficient
1920 -- Year laid down
28.50 / 10700 / 15.00; Oil-fired turbine or equivalent -- Speed / radius / cruise
1024 tons -- Miscellaneous weights
++++++++++
4 x 5.12; 2; 0 -- Main battery; turrets; superfiring
:
8 x 3.94; 0 -- Secondary battery; turrets
Gun-shields
:
24 x 1.46 -- Tertiary (QF/AA) battery
Gun-shields
:
0 -- No fourth (light) battery
0 -- No torpedo armament
++++++++++
3.94 / 1.97 / 0.00 / 0.00; 100 -- Belt armor; relative extent
3.94 / 3.94 -- Deck / CT
0.98 / 0.98 / 0.98 / 0.00 -- Battery armor

(Note: For portability, values are stored in Anglo-American units)

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Ships in Class:
- Canopus: Converted 1920
- Sirius: Converted 1936

Strashniy, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1923, refitted 1938
Strashniy is the first Russian aircraft carrier designed as an aircraft carrier. His hull design is a modification of the Sviatoslav class heavy cruiser.

The main changes from his 1938 refit are:
- Reduced number of spare aircraft
- Addition of radars and combat information center
- Replacement of old 130mm twin DP mounts with 130mm semiautomatic twin DP mounts
- Refurbishment of fittings and systems for service life extension.

Displacement:
12,924 t light; 13,359 t standard; 14,684 t normal; 15,744 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
720.85 ft / 688.98 ft x 72.18 ft x 22.97 ft (normal load)
219.72 m / 210.00 m x 22.00 m x 7.00 m

Armament:
12 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x3 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (6x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
4 - 0.55" / 14.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.08lbs / 0.04kg shells, 1938 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 990 lbs / 449 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.97" / 50 mm 405.84 ft / 123.70 m 10.83 ft / 3.30 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 91 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 1.97" / 50 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 77,126 shp / 57,536 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,384 tons

Complement:
666 - 867

Cost:
£1.803 million / $7.213 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 105 tons, 0.7 %
Armour: 1,568 tons, 10.7 %
- Belts: 366 tons, 2.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 21 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 1,155 tons, 7.9 %
- Conning Tower: 25 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 2,578 tons, 17.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,008 tons, 34.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,760 tons, 12.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 3,666 tons, 25.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
18,396 lbs / 8,344 Kg = 274.4 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 2.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 3.7 ft / 1.1 m
Roll period: 15.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.16
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.50

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.450
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.55 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.25 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 47
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.48 ft / 9.90 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 19.03 ft / 5.80 m
- Mid (50 %): 19.03 ft / 5.80 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.03 ft / 5.80 m
- Stern: 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
- Average freeboard: 20.28 ft / 6.18 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.6 %
Waterplane Area: 31,721 Square feet or 2,947 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 131 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 103 lbs/sq ft or 503 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.13
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Aviation:
Air Group-56 14 ftr, 14 DB, 14 TB, 14 Scout - 3136 tons

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:
Twin 130mm semiautomatic DP mounts simmed as triples
Air search radar - 10 tons
Surface search radar - 10 tons
Air control radar - 10 tons
Combat Information Center - 200 tons
12 spare aircraft - 300 tons

Ships in Class:
- Strashniy: Laid down 1923

Gangut, Russian Aircraft carrier laid down 1925

Displacement:
12,866 t light; 13,262 t standard; 14,692 t normal; 15,836 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
745.17 ft / 705.38 ft x 70.54 ft x 22.97 ft (normal load)
227.13 m / 215.00 m x 21.50 m x 7.00 m

Armament:
8 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x2 guns), 77.16lbs / 35.00kg shells, 1925 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (8x3 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1925 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 654 lbs / 297 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 270

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.97" / 50 mm 383.53 ft / 116.90 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.98" / 25 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 0.98" / 25 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 67,765 shp / 50,552 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 8,600nm at 15.00 kts (Bunkerage = 2,574 tons)

Aviation:
56 Aircraft, 24 spares, 360 tons cargo, 2 Elevators

Complement:
666 - 867

Cost:
£2.679 million / $10.715 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 72 tons, 0.5 %
Armour: 1,570 tons, 10.7 %
- Belts: 317 tons, 2.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 39 tons, 0.3 %
- Armour Deck: 1,201 tons, 8.2 %
- Conning Tower: 13 tons, 0.1 %
Machinery: 2,200 tons, 15.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,929 tons, 33.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,826 tons, 12.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 4,096 tons, 27.9 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
20,072 lbs / 9,104 Kg = 299.4 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 2.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
Metacentric height 3.3 ft / 1.0 m
Roll period: 16.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.12
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.45

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.450
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.50 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 48
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 20.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 32.81 ft / 10.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 19.19 ft / 5.85 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 19.19 ft / 5.85 m
- Mid (50 %): 19.19 ft / 5.85 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.19 ft / 5.85 m
- Stern: 19.19 ft / 5.85 m
- Average freeboard: 19.19 ft / 5.85 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 83.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 181.0 %
Waterplane Area: 32,968 Square feet or 3,063 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 138 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 100 lbs/sq ft or 490 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.00
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:

Ships in Class:
- Gangut

Sinop-class, Russian Aircraft carrier laid down 1927

Displacement:
13,067 t light; 13,434 t standard; 15,749 t normal; 17,601 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
717.56 ft / 672.57 ft x 77.10 ft x 23.62 ft (normal load)
218.71 m / 205.00 m x 23.50 m x 7.20 m

Armament:
8 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x2 guns), 67.03lbs / 30.40kg shells, 1927 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
32 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (8x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1927 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 586 lbs / 266 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Aviation:
56 aircraft, 16 unassembled aircraft, 2 elevators

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.97" / 50 mm 389.60 ft / 118.75 m 9.51 ft / 2.90 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 89 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 1.97" / 50 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 93,124 shp / 69,470 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 13,500nm at 15.00 kts (Bunkerage = 4,168 tons)

Complement:
702 - 913

Cost:
£3.383 million / $13.533 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 73 tons, 0.5 %
Armour: 1,564 tons, 9.9 %
- Belts: 313 tons, 2.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 20 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 1,205 tons, 7.6 %
- Conning Tower: 27 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 2,940 tons, 18.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,955 tons, 31.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,682 tons, 17.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 3,536 tons, 22.5 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
18,604 lbs / 8,438 Kg = 277.5 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 2.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 4.2 ft / 1.3 m
Roll period: 15.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.07
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.450
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.72 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 25.93 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 58
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 20.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 32.81 ft / 10.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.46 ft / 10.20 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 23.46 ft / 7.15 m
- Mid (50 %): 23.46 ft / 7.15 m (10.83 ft / 3.30 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 10.83 ft / 3.30 m
- Stern: 10.83 ft / 3.30 m
- Average freeboard: 17.94 ft / 5.47 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 89.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 149.5 %
Waterplane Area: 33,077 Square feet or 3,073 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 136 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 103 lbs/sq ft or 504 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.01
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Ships in Class:
- Sinop
- Petropavlovsk

Kulikovo-class, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1932

Displacement:
16,596 t light; 17,098 t standard; 19,372 t normal; 21,191 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
751.08 ft / 721.78 ft x 73.82 ft (Bulges 80.38 ft) x 22.47 ft (normal load)
228.93 m / 220.00 m x 22.50 m (Bulges 24.50 m) x 6.85 m

Armament:
12 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x3 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1932 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
32 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (8x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1932 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 1,002 lbs / 455 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 2.95" / 75 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 0.98" / 25 mm 590.55 ft / 180.00 m 19.69 ft / 6.00 m
Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 2.95" / 75 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 82,458 shp / 61,513 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 12,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,092 tons

Complement:
820 - 1,067

Cost:
£4.597 million / $18.386 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 107 tons, 0.6 %
Armour: 2,469 tons, 12.7 %
- Belts: 1,020 tons, 5.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 33 tons, 0.2 %
- Armour Deck: 1,370 tons, 7.1 %
- Conning Tower: 46 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 2,434 tons, 12.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,286 tons, 32.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,776 tons, 14.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 5,300 tons, 27.4 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
29,115 lbs / 13,206 Kg = 434.3 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 3.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 3.8 ft / 1.2 m
Roll period: 17.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.13
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.50

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.520
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.98 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.85 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 47
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 6.56 ft / 2.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 39.37 ft / 12.00 m
- Forecastle (25 %): 27.89 ft / 8.50 m
- Mid (50 %): 27.89 ft / 8.50 m (16.40 ft / 5.00 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Stern: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Average freeboard: 23.29 ft / 7.10 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 75.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 185.2 %
Waterplane Area: 37,619 Square feet or 3,495 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 144 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 109 lbs/sq ft or 533 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.10
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Aviation:
70 aircraft plus 12 spares. 2 catapults

Notes:
Semiautomatic 130mm DP mounts simmed as triples

Ships in Class:
- Kulikovo

Chesma-class, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1934
The Chesma and Kazan are sub-class of the preceding Kulikovo-class aircraft carrier design.

Displacement:
16,485 t light; 16,988 t standard; 19,372 t normal; 21,279 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
760.73 ft / 721.78 ft x 73.82 ft (Bulges 80.38 ft) x 22.47 ft (normal load)
231.93 m / 220.00 m x 22.50 m (Bulges 24.50 m) x 6.85 m

Armament:
12 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x3 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1934 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
32 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (8x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1934 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 1,002 lbs / 454 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 2.95" / 75 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 0.98" / 25 mm 590.55 ft / 180.00 m 19.69 ft / 6.00 m
Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 2.95" / 75 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 82,458 shp / 61,513 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 13,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,292 tons

Complement:
820 - 1,067

Cost:
£4.903 million / $19.612 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 107 tons, 0.6 %
Armour: 2,459 tons, 12.7 %
- Belts: 1,020 tons, 5.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 23 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 1,370 tons, 7.1 %
- Conning Tower: 46 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 2,372 tons, 12.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,247 tons, 32.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,887 tons, 14.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 5,300 tons, 27.4 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
29,611 lbs / 13,431 Kg = 441.7 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 3.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 3.9 ft / 1.2 m
Roll period: 17.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.12
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.51

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.520
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.98 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.85 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 47
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 39.37 ft / 12.00 m
- Forecastle (25 %): 27.89 ft / 8.50 m
- Mid (50 %): 27.89 ft / 8.50 m (16.40 ft / 5.00 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Stern: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Average freeboard: 23.29 ft / 7.10 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 185.2 %
Waterplane Area: 37,619 Square feet or 3,495 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 145 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 108 lbs/sq ft or 530 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.09
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Aviation:
70 aircraft, plus 12 spares. 2 catapults.

Notes
Semiautomatic twin 130mm simmed as triples

Ships in Class:
- Chesma
- Kazan

Aldebaran-class, Russian Escort Carrier laid down 1916 (Engine 1939)

Displacement:
5,831 t light; 6,033 t standard; 8,041 t normal; 9,648 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
484.46 ft / 459.32 ft x 65.62 ft (Bulges 75.46 ft) x 14.76 ft (normal load)
147.66 m / 140.00 m x 20.00 m (Bulges 23.00 m) x 4.50 m

Armament:
2 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns in single mounts, 67.03lbs / 30.40kg shells, 1939 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all aft, all raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm guns in single mounts, 12.87lbs / 5.84kg shells, 1939 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (4x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
4 - 0.55" / 14.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.08lbs / 0.04kg shells, 1939 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 211 lbs / 96 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 300

Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 0.20" / 5 mm
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 0.20" / 5 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 9,597 shp / 7,160 Kw = 18.00 kts
Range 32,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,614 tons

Complement:
423 - 551

Cost:
£0.430 million / $1.719 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 26 tons, 0.3 %
Armour: 8 tons, 0.1 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 8 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 260 tons, 3.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,037 tons, 37.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,210 tons, 27.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 2,500 tons, 31.1 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
21,322 lbs / 9,671 Kg = 318.1 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 4.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.32
Metacentric height 4.4 ft / 1.3 m
Roll period: 15.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.03
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.94

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle
Block coefficient: 0.550
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.09 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21.43 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 38 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 36
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 25.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.81 ft / 10.00 m
- Forecastle (25 %): 32.81 ft / 10.00 m (16.40 ft / 5.00 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Stern: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Average freeboard: 20.51 ft / 6.25 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 48.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 155.4 %
Waterplane Area: 21,034 Square feet or 1,954 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 248 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 97 lbs/sq ft or 471 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.14
- Longitudinal: 1.89
- Overall: 1.20
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

1,400 tons internal fuel for 12,000nm @ 12 kts, 600 tons AVGAS, 400 tons bombs/torpedos, 1,500 tons misc space for workshops, electronics, catapults, elevators, 1,600 tons fuel for corvettes.

Radars:
Surface Search
Air Search
Antiaircraft fire control

Aviation:
12 Fighters, 8 Torpedo Bombers, 4 Scouts, 2 Catapults, 1 elevator

Ships in Class:
- Orion: Laid down 1916, converted 1939
- Castor: Laid down 1916, converted 1940

Azov-class, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1938

Displacement:
29,186 t light; 30,159 t standard; 34,962 t normal; 38,803 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
905.94 ft / 866.14 ft x 85.30 ft (Bulges 98.43 ft) x 28.71 ft (normal load)
276.13 m / 264.00 m x 26.00 m (Bulges 30.00 m) x 8.75 m

Armament:
12 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x3 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
6 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (2x3 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1938 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all forward
48 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (12x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1938 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 1,503 lbs / 682 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 300

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.97" / 50 mm 501.97 ft / 153.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 0.98" / 25 mm 623.36 ft / 190.00 m 35.43 ft / 10.80 m
Main Belt covers 89 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead and Bulges:
1.57" / 40 mm 501.97 ft / 153.00 m 26.25 ft / 8.00 m

- Armour deck: 2.95" / 75 mm, Conning tower: 2.95" / 75 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 120,644 shp / 90,000 Kw = 30.61 kts
Range 13,400nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,644 tons

Complement:
1,277 - 1,661

Cost:
£9.122 million / $36.489 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 160 tons, 0.5 %
Armour: 4,934 tons, 14.1 %
- Belts: 1,301 tons, 3.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 768 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armour Deck: 2,796 tons, 8.0 %
- Conning Tower: 68 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 3,304 tons, 9.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,398 tons, 29.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,776 tons, 16.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 10,390 tons, 29.7 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
53,493 lbs / 24,264 Kg = 798.0 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 8.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 18.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.08
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.71

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.500
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.80 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 33.93 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 41
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 40.52 ft / 12.35 m
- Forecastle (27 %): 40.52 ft / 12.35 m
- Mid (50 %): 40.52 ft / 12.35 m (10.99 ft / 3.35 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 10.99 ft / 3.35 m
- Stern: 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
- Average freeboard: 25.91 ft / 7.90 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 88.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 173.3 %
Waterplane Area: 51,192 Square feet or 4,756 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 151 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 129 lbs/sq ft or 628 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.00
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Aviation:
Air Group-98 aircraft (42 Ftr, 28 TB, 28 DB) + 20 spares
2 Catapults
Flight Deck - 276mx33m
2 deck-edge elevators, 2 centerline elevators
CIC - 200 Tons
Air Search radar (2) - 15 tons
Air Control radar 2) - 15 tons
Surface fire control radar (2) - 15 tons
Antiaircraft fire control radar (4) - 30 tons

Ships in Class:
- Azov
- Osel

Grengam, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1940

Displacement:
13,114 t light; 13,556 t standard; 16,270 t normal; 18,441 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
742.79 ft / 705.38 ft x 72.18 ft (Bulges 78.74 ft) x 20.51 ft (normal load)
226.40 m / 215.00 m x 22.00 m (Bulges 24.00 m) x 6.25 m

Armament:
8 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x2 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1940 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (6x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1940 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 672 lbs / 305 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 300

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.97" / 50 mm 426.51 ft / 130.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 93 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
3rd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 1.97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 1.18" / 30 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 94,630 shp / 70,594 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 12,200nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,885 tons

Complement:
719 - 936

Cost:
£5.308 million / $21.233 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 85 tons, 0.5 %
Armour: 1,667 tons, 10.2 %
- Belts: 349 tons, 2.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 18 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 1,285 tons, 7.9 %
- Conning Tower: 16 tons, 0.1 %
Machinery: 2,530 tons, 15.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,432 tons, 33.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,156 tons, 19.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 3,400 tons, 20.9 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
23,912 lbs / 10,846 Kg = 356.7 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 2.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
Metacentric height 4.1 ft / 1.2 m
Roll period: 16.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.08
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.25

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.500
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.96 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.57 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 56
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 35.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 39.37 ft / 12.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 32.81 ft / 10.00 m
- Mid (50 %): 14.11 ft / 4.30 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.11 ft / 4.30 m
- Stern: 20.34 ft / 6.20 m
- Average freeboard: 21.65 ft / 6.60 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.2 %
Waterplane Area: 35,276 Square feet or 3,277 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 151 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 103 lbs/sq ft or 503 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.00
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:
4 twin automatic DP mounts - 40 tons
Flight Deck-226.4m x 30m
Aviation-2 Catapults, 42 Fighters, 14 Scouts - 3,186 tons
Electronics fit:
Air search radar - 10 tons
AA fire control radar - 10 tons
Aerial Combat Information Center - 150 tons

Ships in Class:
- Grengam

Cygnus, Russian Merchant aircraft carrier conversion laid down 1921 (Engine 1943)

Displacement:
6,925 t light; 7,221 t standard; 14,529 t normal; 20,376 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
524.93 ft / 524.93 ft x 65.62 ft x 24.61 ft (normal load)
160.00 m / 160.00 m x 20.00 m x 7.50 m

Armament:
1 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns in single mounts, 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline aft
8 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 92 lbs / 42 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 1.97" / 50 mm
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 1.97" / 50 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 12,801 ihp / 9,550 Kw = 18.00 kts
Range 70,000nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 13,155 tons

Complement:
661 - 860

Cost:
£0.887 million / $3.549 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 10 tons, 0.1 %
Armour: 5 tons, 0.0 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 5 tons, 0.0 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 699 tons, 4.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,211 tons, 29.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,605 tons, 52.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 2,000 tons, 13.8 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
56,151 lbs / 25,470 Kg = 837.6 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 6.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.39
Metacentric height 4.7 ft / 1.4 m
Roll period: 12.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.02
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.600
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.91 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 35 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.53 ft / 9.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Mid (50 %): 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Stern: 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Average freeboard: 23.49 ft / 7.16 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 32.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 166.7 %
Waterplane Area: 25,192 Square feet or 2,340 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 417 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 100 lbs/sq ft or 488 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.05
- Longitudinal: 2.22
- Overall: 1.13
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Notes:
Flight deck is 154m x 20m
Low-stowed cargo/ballast - 10,100 tons

Aviation:
30 aircraft - 900 tons. 14 Fighters, 14 Dive bombers, 2 Scouts.

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:
Surface search radar - 10 tons.
Air search radar - 10 tons.
Antiaircraft fire control radar - 10 tons.
Combat Information Center - 200 tons.
Munitions - 500 tons
Fuel for 12,000nm at 12 knots ~2,000 tons.
Aviation fuel - 1,000 tons

Ships in Class:
- Cygnus

Afonskoye, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1943

Displacement:
22,814 t light; 23,440 t standard; 28,578 t normal; 32,689 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
765.83 ft / 721.78 ft x 82.02 ft (Bulges 91.86 ft) x 31.17 ft (normal load)
233.42 m / 220.00 m x 25.00 m (Bulges 28.00 m) x 9.50 m

Armament:
8 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x2 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1943 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm guns in single mounts, 15.43lbs / 7.00kg shells, 1943 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
64 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (16x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1943 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 0.55" / 14.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.08lbs / 0.04kg shells, 1943 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 858 lbs / 389 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.57" / 40 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 11.48 ft / 3.50 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead and Bulges:
1.57" / 40 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 30.18 ft / 9.20 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 0.79" / 20 mm
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 0.79" / 20 mm
3rd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 4.72" / 120 mm, Conning tower: 9.84" / 250 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 102,131 shp / 76,189 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 17,500nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 9,249 tons

Complement:
1,098 - 1,428

Cost:
£8.239 million / $32.957 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 108 tons, 0.4 %
Armour: 4,926 tons, 17.2 %
- Belts: 351 tons, 1.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 808 tons, 2.8 %
- Armament: 36 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 3,533 tons, 12.4 %
- Conning Tower: 198 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 2,638 tons, 9.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,643 tons, 26.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,764 tons, 20.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 7,500 tons, 26.2 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
43,324 lbs / 19,652 Kg = 646.3 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 7.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 4.6 ft / 1.4 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.06
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.33

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.484
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 31.34 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 45
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 55.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.84 ft / 9.40 m
- Forecastle (30 %): 20.67 ft / 6.30 m
- Mid (60 %): 19.03 ft / 5.80 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.69 ft / 6.00 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 21.27 ft / 6.48 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 82.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 137.6 %
Waterplane Area: 40,418 Square feet or 3,755 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 154 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 121 lbs/sq ft or 591 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.19
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:
- 5184 tons for 72 aircraft.
- 2316 tons for other things

Ships in Class:
- Afonskoye

Reval class, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1944

Displacement:
49,854 t light; 51,388 t standard; 58,908 t normal; 64,923 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,002.82 ft / 967.85 ft x 104.99 ft (Bulges 118.11 ft) x 31.92 ft (normal load)
305.66 m / 295.00 m x 32.00 m (Bulges 36.00 m) x 9.73 m

Armament:
16 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (8x2 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1944 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm guns in single mounts, 15.43lbs / 7.00kg shells, 1944 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
64 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (16x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1944 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 12 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 1,493 lbs / 677 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 400

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 3.15" / 80 mm 590.55 ft / 180.00 m 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 0.98" / 25 mm 721.78 ft / 220.00 m 42.65 ft / 13.00 m
Main Belt covers 94 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead and Bulges:
1.97" / 50 mm 590.55 ft / 180.00 m 29.53 ft / 9.00 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -
3rd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 3.94" / 100 mm, Conning tower: 3.15" / 80 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 196,450 shp / 146,552 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 16,000nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 13,535 tons

Complement:
1,889 - 2,457

Cost:
£17.529 million / $70.118 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 189 tons, 0.3 %
Armour: 9,158 tons, 15.5 %
- Belts: 2,284 tons, 3.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,270 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 47 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 5,455 tons, 9.3 %
- Conning Tower: 103 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 5,017 tons, 8.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,791 tons, 28.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 9,054 tons, 15.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 18,700 tons, 31.7 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
95,356 lbs / 43,253 Kg = 1,422.5 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 14.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 7.0 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 18.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.05
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.76

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.565
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.19 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 35.81 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 6.56 ft / 2.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 49.21 ft / 15.00 m
- Forecastle (33 %): 49.21 ft / 15.00 m (32.81 ft / 10.00 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 32.81 ft / 10.00 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Stern: 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
- Average freeboard: 33.26 ft / 10.14 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 206.1 %
Waterplane Area: 74,899 Square feet or 6,958 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 150 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 147 lbs/sq ft or 716 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.09
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:
- 800 tons: 130mm twin automatic DP mounts
- 80 tons: 75mm single automatic DP mounts
- 10 tons: Air Search Radar
- 10 tons: Aerial Battle Management Radar
- 20 tons: AA Fire Control radar (2)
- 250 tons: Aerial Combat Information Center
- 100 tons: Misc. extras

Aviation:
Aviation-2 Steam Catapults, 42 Fighters, 42 Dive Bombers, 42 torpedo bombers
20 spare aircraft
Flight Deck-305m*37m

Ships in Class:
- Reval
- Kerch

Fidonisi-class (Project 85), Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1948

Displacement:
12,500 t light; 12,902 t standard; 15,510 t normal; 17,597 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
715.49 ft / 688.98 ft x 73.16 ft x 19.03 ft (normal load)
218.08 m / 210.00 m x 22.30 m x 5.80 m

Armament:
8 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm guns (4x2 guns), 15.43lbs / 7.00kg shells, 1948 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
16 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (8x2 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1948 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 148 lbs / 67 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 1,000

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.18" / 30 mm 447.83 ft / 136.50 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.18" / 30 mm 447.83 ft / 136.50 m 19.03 ft / 5.80 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.59" / 15 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 0.20" / 5 mm
2nd: 0.59" / 15 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 1.18" / 30 mm, Conning tower: 1.57" / 40 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines plus diesel motors,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 53,619 shp / 40,000 Kw = 26.66 kts
Range 12,000nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,695 tons

Complement:
694 - 903

Cost:
£4.745 million / $18.979 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 19 tons, 0.1 %
Armour: 1,401 tons, 9.0 %
- Belts: 218 tons, 1.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 372 tons, 2.4 %
- Armament: 9 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 780 tons, 5.0 %
- Conning Tower: 21 tons, 0.1 %
Machinery: 1,310 tons, 8.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,770 tons, 37.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,010 tons, 19.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 4,000 tons, 25.8 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
41,304 lbs / 18,735 Kg = 3,208.8 x 3.0 " / 75 mm shells or 6.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 4.0 ft / 1.2 m
Roll period: 15.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 80 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.03
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.566
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.42 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.25 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 30.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.87 ft / 8.80 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.87 ft / 8.80 m
- Mid (50 %): 28.87 ft / 8.80 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 28.87 ft / 8.80 m
- Stern: 28.87 ft / 8.80 m
- Average freeboard: 28.87 ft / 8.80 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 79.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 283.0 %
Waterplane Area: 35,709 Square feet or 3,317 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 190 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 97 lbs/sq ft or 472 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.93
- Longitudinal: 1.88
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:
- 2500 tons for 50 aircraft
- 75 tons for electronics
- 125 tons for ASW command center
- 50 tons for climatization gear
- 1250 tons for currently-unspecified other things
4000 tons total

Electronics Suite:
- NR-140UVB aerial battle management radar (1 radar, 20 tons)
- NR-132 surface and air-search radar (2 radars, 15 tons)
- NR-136 height-finding and air-search radar (1 radar, 7.5 tons)
- NR-119 navigational and air-warning radar (1 radar, 2.5 tons)
- NR-160bis fire-control radar (1 radar, 7.5 tons)
- NR-170 AA fire-control radar (1 radar, 2.5 tons)
- Radar jammer/detector (2 units, 2 tons)
- French-built SAGEM HF/DF (3 tons)
- Sonar (8 tons)
- Diesel emergency electric generator (5 tons)
- Gunnery computer for 75mm guns (2 tons)

Ships in Class: (tentative names)
- Fidonisi
- Tendra

Battle of Kaliakra, Russian Aircraft Carrier laid down 1949
The ship memorializes the Russian victory by the fleet of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov over the Ottoman Navy on August 11th, 1791.

Displacement:
25,500 t light; 26,497 t standard; 30,928 t normal; 34,473 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
754.59 ft / 721.78 ft x 91.86 ft x 31.17 ft (normal load)
230.00 m / 220.00 m x 28.00 m x 9.50 m

Armament:
8 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns (4x2 guns), 79.37lbs / 36.00kg shells, 1949 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm guns (8x2 guns), 15.43lbs / 7.00kg shells, 1949 Model
Automatic rapid fire guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
64 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (16x4 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1949 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 0.55" / 14.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.08lbs / 0.04kg shells, 1949 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 981 lbs / 445 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 600

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1.57" / 40 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 11.48 ft / 3.50 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length

- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.57" / 40 mm 459.32 ft / 140.00 m 30.18 ft / 9.20 m

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 0.79" / 20 mm
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm 0.79" / 20 mm
3rd: 0.98" / 25 mm 0.20" / 5 mm -

- Armour deck: 4.72" / 120 mm, Conning tower: 9.84" / 250 mm

Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 139,795 shp / 104,287 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 15,000nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,976 tons

Complement:
1,165 - 1,515

Cost:
£11.223 million / $44.892 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 124 tons, 0.4 %
Armour: 5,522 tons, 17.9 %
- Belts: 355 tons, 1.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 808 tons, 2.6 %
- Armament: 43 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 4,106 tons, 13.3 %
- Conning Tower: 209 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 3,380 tons, 10.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,875 tons, 28.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,428 tons, 17.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 7,600 tons, 24.6 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
50,982 lbs / 23,125 Kg = 760.5 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 7.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 5.3 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 16.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 58 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.08
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.31

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.524
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 31.18 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 44
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 33.40 degrees
Stern overhang: 13.12 ft / 4.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.86 ft / 9.10 m
- Forecastle (30 %): 27.64 ft / 8.43 m
- Mid (60 %): 25.43 ft / 7.75 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 23.79 ft / 7.25 m
- Stern: 24.61 ft / 7.50 m
- Average freeboard: 26.30 ft / 8.02 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 85.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 197.1 %
Waterplane Area: 46,984 Square feet or 4,365 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 148 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 126 lbs/sq ft or 615 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.53
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Breakdown of Miscellaneous Weights:
Not yet available.

Electronics

Ships in Class:
- Kaliakra