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1

Tuesday, May 15th 2012, 10:03pm

Czech Armed Forces

I'm going to have a stab at updating the Czech armed forces, in terms of equipment, doctrine, etc. Does anyone mind? We've obviously got all the historical stuff which was exported, but what with the Czechs' OTL disappearance under Nazi invasion, it's all rather dated kit by now. I went ahead and used their OTL kit for the Afghan campaign, but they learned some lessons there and really ought to be releasing some new equipment as a result.

2

Tuesday, May 15th 2012, 10:20pm

I see no reason not to do so, within reason. ;)

The Czechs have been marking time yet even under the occupation they did bring forward some interesting designs which never made it off the drawing boards.

3

Wednesday, May 16th 2012, 3:13pm

Here's a first go at my take on the Czech Army and it's outlook, doctrine, etc.

Quoted

Czechoslovakia's International Outlook
Though Europe is at peace, the Czechoslovaks remain wary. Within the last ten years, the Czechs have seen major changes and challenges which could threaten their position in Central Europe, and they believe their armed forces should be carefully maintained in the event of a foreign threat.

German pressure over the issue of the Sudetenland has eased substantially in the past five years, as the Czechs have upheld the compromise position negotiated with Berlin. The Germans, for their part, seem to find the situation acceptable. The Germans are the most powerful of Czechoslovakia's neighbors and thus represent the most potent military threat to Czech fortunes. Prague believes that the Sudetenland situation is solved to the mutual satisfaction of both Germany and Czechoslovakia. So long as the current status quo remains, then armed conflict is unlikely.

Hungary's release from the Treaty of Trianon prompted Czech concerns of Hungarian irredentism. Although various political rumors to this effect have been heard, irredentist policies as a whole are not present at high levels of the Hungarian government, and relations are not unusually strained. The Hungarian Armed Forces, although released from their treaty restrictions, have adopted an economic and relatively low-key rearmament policy. In the short term, Czechoslovakia is not worried about any significant threat from the direction of Hungary.

Czechoslovakia regards Poland with some suspicion over issues related to the Teschen region. These issues resulted in diplomatic tensions during the 1930s, just prior to Poland's Wilno misadventures. Although the saber-rattling Polish leaders of that period have since left power, Czechoslovakia has closely monitored Poland's 1939 army reorganization and reequipping, particularly in regards to the growth of the Polish armoured forces. The formation of the Warsaw Pact did little to ease Prague's fear of eventual clashes with Poland. The Czechs regard Poland (and to a lesser extent the Warsaw Pact) with suspicious watchfulness.

Partly due to its military strength and partly as a result of their participation in the Warsaw Pact, Romania is also the recipient of some uncertainty, although Bucharest has allayed most suspicions by their high level of support during negotiations over the Sudetenland. Romania's continuing alliance with Poland, however, means the Czechs still keep a watchful eye on Romanian military developments.

The nations of the FAR alliance - France, Atlantis, and Russia - are relatively well-regarded by the Czech government do to their support during the Sudetenland issues. Of these states, Russia remains the most highly regarded as the longtime proponent of peace and stability in eastern Europe. Czech troops served in the Great War with both Russia and France, and the Czech Army draws much of its origins and doctrine from French and Russian sources. Great Britain is also seen in a positive light, although distanced from the affairs of Central Europe.

Czechoslovakia's Strategic Goals
Czech goals are almost exclusively defensive in nature. The primary goal of the armed forces is the maintenance of the nation's territorial integrity and internal order. This is accomplished in two ways. First, the Czechs hold significant forces in defensive regions and border fortresses, presenting any potential attacker with the probability of immediate armed resistance. Second, the Czech armed forces contribute to the national defense through the perception of their professionalism and strength. For this second reason, the Czechoslovakian government determined to participate in the League of Nations Arghanistan Field Force, where Czech troops would be seen contributing to the advancement of peace while still demonstrating the flexibility and strength of Czech muscle.

Military Export
Czechoslovakia has made a name for themselves throughout the 1920s and 1930s by their extensive exports of military equipment. This export policy has resulted in excellent arms production capabilities and the inflow of foreign hard currency into Czech bank accounts. Foreign exports also help in economies of scale for the Czech Army's own equipment acquisitions.

Doctrine
As Czechoslovakia's national strategic goals are primarily defensive, Czech army doctrine is similarly oriented towards the defense. Significant investments are made each year in the creation and maintenance of defensive fortifications, as well as troops to garrison them.

The growing importance of mobile armoured warfare by other European powers has posed a conundrum of sorts for the defensively-minded Czechs. If a Czech defensive line is broken, many Czech strategists fear that armoured units could get loose in the rear of a defensive army and wreak havoc. After significant discussion and debate, the Czech Army is slowly remolding its defensive planning in order to account for mobile armoured warfare. Defensive lines and fortifications are being re-arranged for all-around defense. In the event of a mobile breakthrough, these defensive redoubts will allow Czech troops to continue to fight on even when surrounded by more mobile troops. Enemies will be tied down attacking these encircled elements. In the meantime, a mobile reserve of Czech troops, composed of Czech tanks and mobile infantry, can launch their own counterattacks against enemy units that attempt to bypass the encircled bastions. In the event of war with a less mechanized power, this Czech mobile reserve has the flexibility to launch spoiler attacks on an advancing enemy, or counterattack weakened enemy units.

Afghanistan Field Force
The Czech Army received significant combat experience during their participation in the LON's Afghanistan Field Force. The Czechs sent a composite force of tanks, motorized infantry, and horse-mounted infantry (dragoons) together with supporting units. Through field experience, the Czechs determined that their matchup of horse dragoons and armoured tanks was flawed; the tanks and cavalry proved unable to work smoothly together, although the motorized infantry proved invaluable in operations alongside the tanks. The Irish Army, deployed alongside the Czechs, drew similar conclusions. This had substantial repercussions for the Czech Army, as the formation of the four Fast Divisions, composing the Czech mobile reserve, was founded on this pairing of tanks and horse cavalry. At the end of 1940, the Czech Army began retiring the horse-mounted troops and replacing them with motorized forces, placing increased emphasis on the development of both trucks and armoured infantry carriers. By 1942, some of the new equipment resulting from this experience is starting to appear in trials. Horse troops remain primarily for patrol work in mountainous regions, or in places where a light footprint is required, but the Afghanistan experience has largely resulted in the demise of the Czech cavalry.

4

Wednesday, May 16th 2012, 3:39pm

[SIZE=3]Republic of Czechoslovakia[/SIZE]
Capital: Prague
Area: 140,446 km² (54,227 sq mi)
Population: 13,700,000 (1939 est.)
Available for military service: 3,425,000 [SIZE=1][1][/SIZE]
Fit for military service: 2,740,000 [SIZE=1][2][/SIZE]
Conscription: Yes
Troops in Active Service: 137,000 (est) [SIZE=1][3][/SIZE]
Mobilized Strength: 822,000 (est) [SIZE=1][4][/SIZE]
Branches: Czechoslovakian Army, Czechoslovakian Air Force
Notes: The Danube Flotilla is under the control of the Czechoslovakian Army.

**********


Notes:
[1] Estimated at 1/4th the total population; this represents all males between the ages of 15 and 49.
[2] Estimated at 80% of all males available for military service.
[3] Estimated at ten active duty soldiers per thousand citizens.
[4] Estimated at sixty mobilized soldiers per thousand citizens. This level of mobilization will start to strain the national economy as prime workers will be lost from the labour pool.

5

Wednesday, May 16th 2012, 9:20pm

[SIZE=3]Czechoslovakian Armoured Vehicle Design[/SIZE]
Throughout the 1930s, the Czechoslovakian Army preferred light tanks, most of which were widely exported to countries such as Yugoslavia, Romania, Persia, and elsewhere. These included the highly successful LT vz. 35 and LT vz. 38 light tanks. Analysis by Czechoslovakian military strategists has resulted in the belief that Czechoslovakia is "not the best tank country". With hills and extensive ground cover, the estimated tank engagement ranges are low, and Czech armoured experts have determined to focus on light tanks with a strong emphasis on mobility, both in the tactical and strategic spheres.

Moving on from the LT vz. 38 light tank, the Czech Army briefly flirted with the 16.2 tonne vz. 39 "medium tank", armed with a 47mm gun. However, by the time this design emerged in prototype form in 1939, the Czechs acquired news of tank combats from the Persian Civil War and were alarmed at the perceived technological disparity with the Asian tanks observed in combat. Although one battalion of vz. 39 medium tanks was acquired in 1939, the design was obviously a suboptimal stopgap vehicle. In 1939, Skoda and eskomoravská Kolben-Dank (CKD) began working on a way to adopt the 7.5 cm kanon PL vz. 37 anti-aircraft cannon to use as a tank gun, originally with the intent to mount it on a modified vz. 39 medium tank.

However, it soon became obvious that the vz. 39 was not suitable for upgunning in this fashion, and by the spring of 1940, CKD started working on three tank designs of fifteen, twenty, and twenty-five tonnes for consideration as a follow-on to the vz. 38 and vz. 39 tanks.

The fifteen tonne design was based on the proven LT vz.38 light tank. The engineers placed the 75mm/L49 kanon PL vz.37 gun in the tank's hull, with sloped frontal and side armour, and increased the track width. This resulted in the vehicle's weight rising to just under sixteen tonnes. The design was released as the ST vz. 41 tank destroyer, with production beginning in early 1942. [SIZE=1][1][/SIZE]

CKD's proposed twenty tonne and twenty-five tonne designs evolved together into a single design, which would eventually be called the LT vz. 42. Although heavier than the vz. 39 medium tank which preceded it, the LT vz. 42 was still regarded as a "light tank" by the Czech Army, weighing in at 23,000 kg. The 7.5cm kanon PL vz. 37 antiaircraft gun was shortened to 43 calibers, and the recoil system was redesigned to fit into the turret. Although CKD attempted to use their traditional leaf spring suspension, the weight of the tank forced a switch to torsion bar suspension during trials. The LT vz. 42 was powered by two Tatra V-12 air-cooled diesel engines, mounted side by side in the rear of the hull and connecting to a common gearbox. These engines were chosen due to the Czechoslovakian Army's simultaneous selection of the Tatra 111 heavy truck [SIZE=1][2][/SIZE], which shared the same V910 diesel engine. The two engines gave the vz. 42 a high power-to-weight ratio of 18.23 hp/tonne, which contributed to the tank's off-road maneuverability, even on inclines up to 30°. However, the engines also proved to be a weak point, as the life-span of the engine was shortened at 2,250rpm. Most of the engines were later reduced to 180hp at 1,800rpm to improve reliability and engine life-expectancy.

The LT vz. 42 emerged for trials in February 1942, and the Czech Army quickly pushed for it to enter production, which occurred late in 1942; the Czechs ordered enough to equip six tank battalions. Although the LT vz. 42 was lighter than most comparable European tanks, this suited Czech sensibilities and their anticipated tactics well. Once combined with the lighter ST vz. 41 tank destroyer, the Czechs felt they had a workable pairing of armoured vehicles.

Concurrently with the design of new tanks, the Czechs also investigated new ways of mobilizing the infantry to accompany the armoured forces. In Afghanistan, the Czechoslovakian troops used soft-skinned trucks almost exclusively. During the later stages of the deployment, a number of the Irish ACW-IP infantry carriers, an improvised armoured vehicle built by Ford Ireland on the chassis of a standard truck, were borrowed by Czech dragoons, who demanded their own. The Czechoslovakian Army did not acquire any vehicles, but began immediate development of their own armoured infantry carriers.

As with tank design, mobility in rough terrain was one of the principle Czechoslovakian requirements, and they evaluated a number of different alternatives, ranging from half-tracks, to armoured trucks, to fully tracked carriers. Of these, the Czechoslovakians favored a 6x6 armoured personnel carrier developed from the Tatra 111 heavy truck. This vehicle eventually emerged in late 1942 as the OT vz. 42 [SIZE=1][3][/SIZE], and entered production before the end of 1943. Like the ACW-IP that partially inspired it, the OT vz. 42 had armour protection against small arms fire, but had better accessibility through the two back doors.

**********


Designations:
- OT ::: Obrnný transportér :: Armoured Transporter
- ST :: Stíhac tanku :: Tank Destroyer
- LT :: Lehké tank :: Light Tank
- ST :: Strední tank :: Medium Tank

**********


Notes:
[1] The ST vz. 41 is basically the OTL Jagdpanzer 38t, or Hetzer tank destroyer.
[2] The Tatra 111 is a historical vehicle produced from 1942 onward for the German Army; it continued production for both military and civilian use after the end of WWII.
[3] This vehicle is similar to the French Panhard VCI-41 and the Wesworld German Infanterie-Kampffahrzeug “Fuchs”.

6

Saturday, May 19th 2012, 11:18am

Very interesting stuff.

The use of Hetzer seems very logical given the large armoured formations around Czecoslovkia and the defensive nature of the Czech Army.

Also there are a couple of historical tanks from this period too.

Skoda T-15: A 10-ton reconnaissance tank armed with a 37mm gun and co-axial MG, 20-8mm armour, 220PS 10.8 litre V-8 engine, 4 crew. Lost out OTL to the VK1303. In looks its a cross between the S-IIa and TNHPS.

Skoda T-25: Medium tank, sloped armour (a model indicates sloped forward glacis plus front qaurters, sides, rear qaurters and rear plate), armed with a Skoda A-18 75mm gun with semi-automatic loading, 450PS engine. Political pressure in ?OTL forced its abandonment. Also proposed as a Waffentrager with a 105mm gun in a turret with at least nearly 360degrees of traverse. Looks like it had the gear to lower the turret onto the ground like the Waffentrager GW IVb.

Both of these date roughly 1942-43. Pics and the above general info can be found in 'Encloypedia of German Tanks of World War Two' by Chamberlain and Doyle.

7

Tuesday, May 22nd 2012, 11:38pm

Czech Tanks - LT vz. 35



[SIZE=3]CKD / Škoda LT vz. 35 Light Tank[/SIZE]
OTL "LT-35" or Panzer-35(t) light tank.

[SIZE=3]Specifications[/SIZE]
Dimensions:
-- Length: 4.90 metres (16.1 ft)
-- Width: 2.06 metres (6.8 ft)
-- Height: 2.37 metres (7.8 ft)
Weight: 10.5 tonnes
Armament:
-- 1x 3.7 cm kanon P.Ú.V. vz. 34
-- 1x 8mm TK vz. 37 heavy machine gun
Protection:
-- Turret face: 25mm
-- Glacis: 25mm
-- Sides: 15mm
Crew: 4
Engine: 4-cylinder, water-cooled Škoda T11/0 gasoline engine, 120 horsepower (89 kW)
Speed: 34 km/h (21 mph)
Range: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
Transmission: 5 + 1 Praga-Wilson Typ CV
Suspension: Leaf spring
Power to Weight Ratio: 11 hp / tonne
Constructors: CKD (primary developer), Škoda

8

Tuesday, May 22nd 2012, 11:41pm



[SIZE=3]CKD / Škoda LT vz. 38 Light Tank[/SIZE]
OTL "LT-38" or Panzer-38(t) light tank.

[SIZE=3]Specifications[/SIZE]
Dimensions:
-- Length: 4.61 metres (15.1 ft)
-- Width: 2.135 metres (7.00 ft)
-- Height: 2.252 metres (7.39 ft) (overall)
Weight: 9.85 tonnes
Armament:
-- 1x 3.7 cm Škoda A7
-- 2x 8mm TK vz. 37 heavy machine gun
Protection:
-- Turret face: 25mm
-- Glacis: 25mm
-- Sides: 15mm
Crew: 4
Engine: Praga Typ TNHPS/II water-cooled 6-cylinder gasoline engine, 123.3 hp (91.9 kW)
Speed: 42 km/h, 26.1 mph (road)
Range: 250 kilometres (160 mi) (road)
Transmission: 5 + 1 Praga-Wilson Typ CV
Suspension: Leaf spring
Power to Weight Ratio: 12.5 hp / tonne
Constructors: CKD (primary developer), Škoda

9

Tuesday, May 22nd 2012, 11:45pm



[SIZE=3]CKD ST vz. 41 Tank Destroyer[/SIZE]
Developed from the LT vz. 38 light tank; OTL Hetzer.

[SIZE=3]Specifications[/SIZE]
Dimensions:
-- Length: 6.38 m (20 ft 11 in)
-- Width: 2.63 m (8 ft 8 in)
-- Height: 2.17 m (7 ft 1 in)
Weight: 15.75 tonnes
Armament:
-- 1x 75mm/L49 (modified Skoda 7.5 cm kanon PL vz. 37)
-- 1x MG
Protection:
-- Mantlet and face: 60mm (sloped)
-- Glacis: 60mm (sloped)
-- Sides: 20mm
Crew: 4
Engine: Praga 6-cylinder petrol, 7.8 litres; 158 hp (118 kW) at 2800 rpm
Speed: 42 km/h (26 mph)
Range: 177 km (110 mi)
Transmission: 5 + 1 Praga-Wilson Typ CV
Suspension: Leaf spring
Power to Weight Ratio: 10 hp / tonne
Constructors: CKD (primary developer), Skoda

Not yet available for export outside Europe.

10

Tuesday, May 22nd 2012, 11:46pm

[SIZE=3]CKD LT vz. 42 Tank[/SIZE]
The LT vz. 42 tank was designed between 1939 and 1942 as the successor to the LT vz. 38 light tank and the ST vz. 39 medium tank.

[SIZE=3]Specifications[/SIZE]
Dimensions:
-- Length: 6.13m (hull)
-- Width: 3.2m
-- Height: 2.755m
Weight: 22.7 tonnes
Armament:
-- 75mm/L43 (modified Skoda 7.5 cm kanon PL vz. 37)
-- 8mm TK vz. 37 heavy machine gun (Coaxial)
-- 8mm TK vz. 37 heavy machine gun (pintle mounted)
Protection:
-- Turret face: 45mm (sloped)
-- Glacis: 25mm-45mm (sloped)
-- Sides: 25mm
Crew: 4
Engine: Two Tatra V910 V-12 diesels, 180-207hp each
Speed: 55kph (road)
Range: 250km (road)
Transmission: Manual
Suspension: Torsion spring pendant arms
Power to Weight Ratio: 18.23 hp / tonne
Constructors: CKD (primary developer), Skoda

Not yet available for export outside Europe.

11

Tuesday, May 22nd 2012, 11:47pm

[SIZE=3]7.5 cm kanon PL vz. 37[/SIZE]
This is a 75mm/L49 anti-aircraft cannon. This was redesigned in 1941 into the vz. 41 anti-tank gun, and another variant (the vz. 42) received a modified recoil mechanism in order to fit into a tank turret.

Weight: 2,800 kilograms (6,200 lb)
Barrel length: 3.65 metres (10 ft) L/48.7
Shell weight: 5.5 kilograms (12 lb) (HE)
Caliber: 75 millimetres (3.0 in)
Breech: semi-automatic vertical sliding block
Recoil: hydro-pneumatic
Carriage: cruciform
Elevation: 0° to +85°
Traverse: 360°
Rate of fire: 10-15 rpm
Muzzle velocity: 750–775 metres per second (2,500–2,540 ft/s)
Effective range: 4,000–6,000 m (13,000–20,000 ft) slant range
Maximum range: 9,200 metres (30,200 ft) vertical ceiling

12

Tuesday, May 22nd 2012, 11:49pm



[SIZE=3]10.5 cm hrubý kanon vz. 35[/SIZE]
This is a modern 105mm/L42 field gun. It is the primary field gun of the Czech Army.

Weight: 4,200 kilograms (9,300 lb)
Barrel length: 4.4 metres (14 ft) L/42
Caliber: 105 mm (4.13 in)
Breech: sliding block
Carriage: split trail
Elevation: -6° to +42°
Traverse: 50°
Rate of fire: 8 rpm
Muzzle velocity: 730 m/s (2,395 ft/s)
Maximum range: 18,100 metres (19,800 yd)

13

Wednesday, May 23rd 2012, 1:10am

Just curious about why you decided against using the A18 as the next tankgun like Hood suggested? Or have the OTL THN 57/900 as the LT vz42?

14

Wednesday, May 23rd 2012, 3:18am

Quoted

Originally posted by Vukovlad
Just curious about why you decided against using the A18 as the next tankgun like Hood suggested? Or have the OTL THN 57/900 as the LT vz42?

The T-25 and the A-18 tank gun were developed in substantially different sorts of environments than what the Czechs see in Wesworld. Remember that the T-25 was designed for the same specifications that turned out the Panther tank. Based on my impressions of what the Czechs saw from their experience in Afghanistan and their evaluation of the regional adversaries, such a vehicle is not what the Czechs feel they need, and I was averse to the idea of an autoloading gun in this era. After all, we're trying to slow down the tank one-upsmanship in Wesworld (or at least make it logical), rather than speeding it up yet more. So between the different Czech requirements and the OOC evaluation of the tank situation, the T-25 doesn't merit much more than five or six seconds of consideration.

As for the THN 57/900... the what? I have heard nothing about it, and google nets me zip.

15

Wednesday, May 23rd 2012, 10:44am

That's because Vuk made a typo, its TNH 57/900.

It's a post-war TNH with all-welded construction, front sloping armour 50mm, sides 30mm, rear 20mm. Option for petrol or diesel, either 250hp Praga 8-cyl petrol or 210hp Tatra air-cooled diesel. Range is 150km petrol, 250km diesel, max road speed 48km/h. The main armament was originally a 47mm Škoda A24, but later replaced by the 57mm A25 (muzzle velocity of 900 m/s. Secondary armament was a co-axial MG and bow MG. Elevation -5 ° to +20 °, co-axial MG can be used independently of main gun elevation. can be detached and used as a separate weapon. Ammo, 50 57mm rounds and 3,000 MG rounds. Average was firing 50 grenades and 3,000 rounds of ammunition. Crew of four. Was mock-up in 1949 but the Czechs went for licence-built T-34s instead.

16

Wednesday, May 23rd 2012, 12:02pm

Thanks Hood sorry about the typo.

The T-34 was chosen over the TVP project not TNH

This post has been edited 1 times, last edit by "Vukovlad" (May 23rd 2012, 12:04pm)