WesWorld

Wednesday, 11 September 1940

Beneath the clear skies of the South China Sea the assembled ships of the French, Russian and German navies steamed in close company, signal flags fluttering in the breeze and their decks rimmed with white-uniformed sailors. The time had come for the Fourth Cruiser Squadron to part company and proceed on its homeward voyage.

Leading the German formation the battlecruiser Derfflinger came abreast of the line of French coast defence ships and began the ancient practice of rendering honours to another ship at sea. Rear Admiral Günther Lütjens and Hans Langsdorff stood on the starboard bridge wing as the Derfflinger’s company came to attention as they passed the flagship of Admiral de Vassoigne and then each of the other French warships in turn. On the quarterdeck the Derfflinger’s band struck up their best rendition of "La Marseillaise", and from across the waters Lütjens could hear the strains of the Deutschland-leid.

“Strange is it not Langsdorff,” Lütjens asked in a conversational tone. “Twenty years ago France and Russia were our sworn enemies; today we have completed exercises unimaginable not a year ago.”

“Yes Herr Admiral,” Langsdorff replied. “One can only hope that today’s spirit of cooperation will continue.”

“True Langsdorff, very true. It is up to us to make it so. Has our navigator plotted our course for the next stage of our journey?”

“Yes; unfortunately, we will need to refuel from Altmark in order to assure that we are able to proceed without difficulty.”

“Once we are clear of the exercise area we will refuel and then proceed to Sattahip. Have you ever visited Thailand Langsdorff?

“No Herr Admiral.”

“It has been more than thirty years since I have visited it – long before the Great War the old Iltis made a courtesy visit. I suspect much has changed. I will be in my cabin; please notify me when we begin refueling.”


Saturday, 14 September 1940 – the Gulf of Siam

Despite intensive study of the Chilean methods for refueling at sea the necessary replenishment of the Derfflinger and Seydlitz took more time than Admiral Lütjens had anticipated. It had been his intention to arrive at Sattahip late this day, but afternoon saw the Fourth Cruiser Squadron at least twelve hours steaming from their destination, delaying their arrival until the middle of the following morning. He had noted that the refueling arrangements on Altmark really required the attention of a dockyard to effect the changes necessary to fully exploit the Chilean methods.

Nevertheless he was happy with the squadron’s progress. The courtesy call in Thailand had not been his original instructions but had been added by Fleet Command upon their arrival at Cap St. Jacques. Lütjens suspected that it had something to do with shoring up support for the new Thai regime and recognition for its recent purchase of substantial quantities of German aircraft. “Ours is not to reason why…” he thought.

Captain Langsdorff joined him on the bridge. “We have a Seetakt air contact report Herr Admiral. Distance thirty kilometers, bearing 225 degrees.”

Instinctively Lütjens turned in that direction and brought his glasses up, but stopped in mid-action, knowing it was unlikely he would see anything. “At this distance,” he said, “it could be a British patrol.”

“Perhaps Admiral; our Seetakt officer believes it to be a fighter aircraft based upon the contact’s rate of movement.”

“Then it would be Thai…” Lütjens pronounced. “Fleet intelligence reports that Thailand has acquired an aircraft carrier from Italy.”

Some moments passed. Langsdorff left the bridge for the ship’s operations plot to check the reports from Seetakt. He returned and advised, “Aircraft sighting report from Seydlitz sir. Two single-engine aircraft of what appear to be Reggiane 2001 type.”

Lütjens nodded. “I surmise that our Thai hosts are now aware of our arrival. I suspect that if an aircraft carrier is operating in our vicinity we might expect to be met by surface vessels in short order. Please order the squadron to slow to twelve knots and double the lookouts.” Lütjens took the opportunity to retire to his sea cabin.

Langsdorff remained on the bridge; he took a seat next to the plotting table and scanned the chart that documented their progress. Some few minutes later the officer of the watch reported. “Surface contact on Seetakt Herr Kapitän. Multiple contacts bearing 020 relative.”

Langsdorff sprang to his feet moved to the bridge wing to get a better view. The bridge talker kept a running commentary now. “Visual contact – distance eight miles – contacts appear to be one cruiser and four smaller vessels.”

From his position he could barely make out the smoke of the approaching vessels on the horizon. Nevertheless went to the telephone and contacted the Admiral, relaying the report.

Lütjens returned to the bridge a few moments later. “What is the situation?”

At least Langsdorff had better information now. “It appears to be a Thai squadron – one light cruiser, Chakri Nareubet class, and four destroyers – two of the Chomburi class and two of the Ratanakosin class.”

“Not unexpected,” Lütjens commented. “Please prepare the squadron to render honors.”

On the bridge of the TNS Chakri Nareubet, five miles from the Fourth cruiser squadron:

Standing on a wing of the Chakri Nareubet’s bridge, Lieutenant Commander Jaturun Chuang trained his binoculars out to starboard, searching for the smoke from the German battlecruisers. After carefully scanning the horizon, he found what he was looking for. “Looks like the carrier pilots were dead on, Smoke bearing 302 degrees.” “I confirm that reading sir” a young Sub-Lieutenant called down from above. Jaturun turned and walked back into the enclosed bridge structure, heading for the map table. “Radioman, send message to Admiral Bunyakhup: We have found the Fourth Cruiser squadron and are moving to intercept. Give our thanks to your pilots. Any additional instructions?” “Sending now sir” the radio officer replied and ducked back into the radio room.

TNS Sri Ayuthia, Flagship of Admiral Bunyakhup, Gulf of Siam

Admiral Bunyakhup read the transmission from the Chakri Nareubet. “Send as reply: Congratulations. Ensure all appropriate honors. Ask Adm. Lütjens if rendezvous with Sri Ayuthia and escorts if possible. Tell Adm. Lütjens that I wish to have him and his captains for supper aboard.” Bunyakup had one additional message sent to First Fleet Headquarters in Bangkok, to be transmitted to all First Fleet ships “Make Sattahip as best speed if mission is not critical. Prepare ships for inspection by both the Royal Family and German Dignitaries.” The Admiral then ordered a change of course.

TNS Chakri Nareubet

Jaturun read over the message from Admiral Bunyakhup again. “Radioman, send message to Admiral Lütjens: This is the Thai Naval Ship Chakri Nareubet. We are here to escort you to Sattahip. Admiral Bunyakhup is currently at sea on the TNS Sri Ayuthia and wishes to rendezvous with us and have supper onboard with Admiral Lütjens and the captains of your ships. Welcome to the Kingdom of Thailand.” The radio officer scurried off to transmit the message. Jaturun then turned to the signals officer, “Signal the destroyers, Form line, present arms, present crew. Fly largest national flag and display welcome message with signal flags.” “Helmsman, set our course to bring us in parallel with the Germans, speed 23 knots until able to match Derfflinger in course and speed.” “Aye aye sir, adjusting heading and speed now.” The helmsman replied. Jaturun then picked up the intercom. “Attention crew, this is the Commander. All personnel who are currently not standing watch are to report on deck in formal attire and prepare to render honors to the German Fourth Cruiser Squadron.” Jaturun then turned over the con, and walked out onto the wing of the bridge to observe the small flotilla’s deployment. The destroyers slowly formed into a line astern, there movements smooth and fluid like flowing water. As flags were unfurled and raised, men formed up on deck as the smoke from the German ships grew closer with each passing second.

A flurry of signals passed between the approaching German and Thai warships as they approached and rendered honours to each other, and then signals passed between the vessels of the Fourth Cruiser Squadron, announcing a course change and an unexpected rendezvous.

“We have been invited to dine with the Admiral commanding the Thai task force,” said Lütjens. “Most unusual is it not Langsdorff?”

“Yes Herr Admiral; to do so at sea is most unusual. We will have to slow once we rendezvous with the Sri Ayuthia, and it is not likely that we will reach Sattahip much before mid-day tomorrow.”

“I surmise that may be our hosts’ intent,” added Lütjens. “Our diversion to Thailand may have been arranged at the last moment, and perhaps their preparations require more time. The country has been quite troubled over the last several years.”

Langsdorff nodded. The reports provided by the Abwehr and Naval Intelligence suggested that while mighty efforts had been made to bring the country out of near chaos confusion might still reign. Or, perhaps, the Thais wished to put on a special effort to impress their guests.

After several hours of cruising in company with the Chakri Nareubet and its consorts the Seetakt radar aboard the Derfflinger noted the presence of the Sri Ayuthia and the rest of the Thai force on an intercept course; a fact soon confirmed by visual sighting. Again signal flags fluttered and the two groups of ships came onto parallel courses, dressing ship and offering the proper honours all round.

As the ships of both nations set course for Sattahip at a slow pace of five knots a motor whaler from Altmark was carefully lowered into the sea. It made its way first to Seydlitz, collecting Captain Lindemann and thence to Derfflinger, where Captain Langsdorff and Admiral Lütjens carefully made their way aboard, together with a small coterie of junior officers.

Bouncing across the waves the motor whaler then made its way to the Thai flagship, the aircraft carrier Sri Ayuthia, carefully approaching on her leeward, starboard side. Erich Lindemann watched carefully as the whaler made its approach to the Sri Ayuthia’s landing stage that now hung down from the starboard quarter. He admired the steadiness of the aircraft carrier as the small whaler matched its speed with that of the Sri Ayuthia, and wondered if they might transfer without incident.

In the event if proved to be so; as required by naval etiquette Admiral Lütjens was the first to step from the moving whaler to the landing stage of the Sri Ayuthia; Langsdorff and then Lindemann followed; Drau, captain of the Altmark then made the transfer, and he in turn was followed by four junior officers.

The crew of the whaler made her fast to the landing stage. Lütjens nodded and began the long climb up the stairs that led to the Sri Ayuthia’s entry port, followed by the remaining German officers. As Lütjens’s head came even with the deck the boatswain’s pipes of the side-party began to twitter, white-gloved sideboys came to attention and the Thai officers on deck saluted. Lütjens acknowledged it smartly and quietly asked “Permission to come aboard”.

Admiral Bunyakhup answered Admiral Lütjens in accented English. “Permission granted. Welcome aboard the Sri Arythura.” After dropping the salute, Bunyakhup stepped forward and shook hands with each of the German officers. “It is so nice to have you here, I am sure that you are aware of the plans for your visit to Sattahip.”

Lütjens looked questioningly at Bunyakup, “Actually, we have not been informed of any specific events within the timeframe of our visit.”

Bunyakup smiled “This is most excellent, let me not ruin the surprise then. Come now, dinner is almost ready, and I am sure you are hungry,” Lütjens and the rest of the German officers followed Bunyakup and a few other Thai Navy officers into the interior of the Sri Arythura. The conversation continued as the party made their way to the admiral’s mess, with the other Thai officers being introduced as the commanders of several of the various destroyers and the commander of the Chakri Nareubet, Lieutenant Commander Jaturun Chuang.

Once the Thai and German commanders had sat at the table prepared, a enlisted man came by and asked each for their choice of meat. All the Thailanders gave a sauce with their order, and Bunyakup saved the Germans from having to do the same by requesting that containers of each were brought for their guests. Almost exactly after the formal portion of the conversation had been finished, three Thai chefs brought in many steaming plates of khao phat with different meats and vegetables. Conversation ebbed as the men enjoyed the food with a few of the Germans surprised by how good it was. The talk turned from the food to the typical pastimes of sailors as the night closed in around the small fleet of Thai and German ships. By the time the German’s bid their hosts farewell for the evening, Bunyakup felt that the Germans would remember this meal for a long time to come.

Sunday, 15 September 1940

In company with the Thai flagship Sri Ayuthia and her consorts the ships of the Fourth Cruiser Squadron sailed into the fine harbour of Sattahip on the noon-day tide. Taking in the scene from the bridge of the battlecruiser Derfflinger Admiral Lütjens noted much activity among the ships in the harbour and on the shore.

“It seems our hosts have something special planned,” he remarked to Hans Langsdorff, captain of the flagship. “See the number of small craft rushing between the Thai vessels…”

Langsdorff brought his glasses up and scanned in the direction indicated by Lütjens. “Yes Herr Admiral,” there seems to be much activity… even among the vessels that accompanied us.”

“Admiral Bunyakup intimated that the Thais have something planned,” Lütjens recalled. “As soon as possible contact the German consul here in Sattahip and ask him to repair on board for consultations. There may have been developments that Fleet Command cannot divulge to us via wireless.”


The answer to Admiral Lütjens inquiry was not long in coming. He sat in his day cabin reviewing the latest intelligence reports forwarded by Fleet Command when Captain Langsdorff entered in the company of a rather florid gentlemen in a frock coat.

“Herr Admiral,” Langsdorff began, “May I present His Excellency Ulrich von Hassell, German consul in Sattahip.”

Lütjens rose to greet his visitor, “Your Excellency, I am honored. I appreciate your calling on such short notice.”

Von Hassell looked flustered and somewhat ill at ease. Lütjens formed the impression that the Thai climate might not totally agree with the diplomat.

“Herr Admiral, I was on my way when your request arrived.” Von Hassell paused to collect his thoughts. “Your arrival has been quite fortuitous. His Majesty, King Ramkhamhaeng III, is on progress and will arrive in Sattahip tomorrow to inaugurate Fleet Week. His Excellency Ambassador von Macchio has notified me that the king wishes to inspect the ships of your squadron. He will be arriving tomorrow with the royal suite and can provide more detailed instructions.”

Lütjens and Langsdorff looked at one another in surprise. They suspected that the diversion of the Fourth Cruiser Squadron to Sattahip was part of some diplomatic maneuver, but neither officer expected the ships to be graced by a royal visit.

“Your Excellency,” Lütjens began, “this is quite a surprise. Of course we will do out utmost to assure that the honor of the Nation and of the Navy is upheld. If you can remain aboard – perhaps joining me and my officers for dinner – we can make whatever preparations time allows and be ready for His Majesty’s visit. Captain Langsdorff, please have Captains Lindemann and Drau report aboard immediately for consultations.”

“Yes Herr Admiral.” Langsdorff departed the cabin to comply.

“Tell me Your Excellency, what is the current situation in Thailand; and the world for that matter. Intelligence reports only tell so much…”

Sunday, 15 September 1940 – Evening

It did not take long for rumor of a visit by an important visitor to make its way throughout the German squadron. Experienced hands who had seen a civilian – a diplomat most likely – come hastily aboard the battlecruiser Derfflinger, to be followed by a summons for all captains to repair aboard the flagship of the squadron, knew that something was in the air. The parallel activity exhibited by every Thai vessel in Sattahip harbour, and the preparations for something ashore, suggested that it this was not going to be an ordinary port visit.

In the Derfflinger’s wardroom Admiral Lütjens had gathered his captains and senior officers. He began his address to them by introducing Herr von Hassell, the German consul in Sattahip, and continued in explaining the cause of the diplomat’s visit.

“His Excellency the Consul,” Lütjens explained, “has advised me that we have arrived at the commencement of the Royal Thai Navy’s Fleet Week, an annual celebration, which this year takes on added significance. Tomorrow His Majesty King Ramkhamhaeng will inspect the units of his fleet here at Sattahip, and he will also inspect the vessels of this squadron. It is our honor to host His Majesty and I expect that every man of the squadron will conduct himself in the best tradition of the German Navy.”

There was a murmur as the news sank in, and Lütjens allowed a moment for it to be digested. “I have asked His Excellency to speak briefly on the state of affairs here in Thailand, and what we may expect during our visit.”

Von Hassell cleared his throat. “As you know, in the last several years the state of affairs in Thailand has been in flux. Civil disturbances nearly swept away the monarchy, and it was only through the intervention of Denmark, Iberia and Italy that some semblance of order has been maintained. King Ramkhamhaeng spent much of the interregnum in hiding, and has only taken charge of affairs recently. However, he has moved swiftly to re-establish the royal authority and bring back into force many of the traditions that had fallen by the wayside. Strengthening the Thai armed forces has been a particular point of His Majesty’s program for the nation. As you know he has turned to Germany to re-equip the Royal Thai Air Force.”

“Herr Admiral,” asked Lindemann, captain of the Seydlitz. “Do we know precisely what His Majesty would wish to see during his tour of inspection?”

Lütjens looked to Von Hassell, who answered, “Nothing of particular interest has been communicated to me as of this time.”

The admiral then took up the question. “We will proceed with our normal ship’s routine. Our first requirements will be fuel, water and fresh food. His Majesty will find us as we are, dedicated to the service of the Fatherland and attentive to our duties. Once His Majesty’s visit is complete there should be opportunity for liberty parties, as His Excellency advises me that the Thai Navy has many fetes planned for the forthcoming week. Our schedule permits us to partake of some of them; pending orders from Fleet Command, we will sail for Singapore Friday morning.”

Captain Langsdorff then passed to each officer a file containing papers relating to the impending visit – as much advance information as Von Hassell possessed. “At least we have one copy of the sheet-music for the Thai national anthem. Zimmerman,” he said, looking at the director of the Derfflinger’s band, “I hope you will have sufficient time to prepare.”

“Yes Herr Kapitän,” replied the band-master, looking at the score. “It will take some practice…”

A half hour later the meeting broke up. Von Hassell returned ashore in his own launch, the captains of Seydlitz and Altmark to their vessels. Within the hour each of the German vessels was swarming with seamen putting up awnings as protection against the sun. Lighters made their way out from shore carrying fresh water and provisions, while barges from the Royal Dutch Petroleum terminal came alongside to replenish the tanks of the great ships; Altmark shifted its anchorage to the terminal itself to take on a nearly full load of fuel. Work continued through the night beneath the glow of powerful spot lamps.

Monday, September 16th

King Ramkhamhaeng the Third of Thailand sat in his personal train car as it was pulled rapidly from Bangkok to the port of Sattahip. Ramkhamhaeng watched out the window as the countryside speed by, reflecting on the last few years and what it had meant to himself to allow his country to fall into the state that it had. The last few months had changed that, and things were back on the right track. Now was his first, of he hoped many, chances to show the people of the world that the chaos that had engulfed both him and his country was over. Thailand had begun to chart a course for the stars, and there was no turning back now. Ramkhamhaeng felt the train begin to slow, as an aide entered the compartment and informed him that they had almost arrived in Sattahip. Ramkhamhaeng responded, “Good, it is time that I see the wonderful ships of the Navy, and greet our most esteemed guests.”

Several hours later, after many formal and informal things had taken place, Ramkhamhaeng and Admiral Bunyakhup, with advisors in tow, walked down the pier towards the imposing form of the two German battlecruisers. Next to the Thai ships, there size was exaggerated. As they walked, Thai sailors would stop whatever they were doing to bow to the king. As they walked, Bunyakhup turned to Ramkhamhaeng, “Amazing ships are they not?”

“Yes Admiral, quite amazng indeed. So tell me, what is your impression of Admiral Lütjens?”

“If I may, he is quite an interesting man. The same can be said for the other officers I met on the Sri Aruthura. I believe that His Majesty will be received very well by the Germans.”

“Well, as we have almost arrived, we can test that hypothesis,” Ramkhamhaeng said.

Someone on the German ship shouted an order that both men heard, and sailors rushed to the rails, decked out to the nines. From somewhere on the quarterdeck, the Derfflinger’s band struck up the Thai National anthem. Both Ramkhamhaeng and Bunyakhup turned their heads towards the ships gangplank, as Lütjens and several other German officers’ descended to meet the Thai delegation on the dock. Once the two groups met, there was a slight pause. One of the Thai aides stepped forward and spoke “Introducing His Majesty, Ramkhamhaeng the Third.” Ramkhamhaeng leaned over and taped the aide on the shoulder, preventing him from continuing. Before the Germans had an opportunity to address Ramkhamhaeng, he said “I know I am delayed in saying this, but I feel that I must do so anyway. Welcome to the city of Sattahip and to the country of Thailand. Now, with whom do I have the pleasure of meeting this fine day?”

Lütjens did his best not to betray his surprise at the apparent informality of His Majesty’s speech; it was not what he expected, and Consul von Hassell had not suggested that such would be the case. Nevertheless the dignity of the German Navy would be maintained.

“Konteradmiral Günther Lütjens, Deutsches Kriegsmarine, at your service Your Majesty,” the admiral said with a polite bow. “Permit me to present my senior officers,” he continued, “Kapitän zur See Hans Langsdorff, commander of the battlecruiser Derfflinger.”

Langsdorff saluted, which the King acknowledged. Lütjens continued, “Kapitän zur See Ernst Lindemann, commander of the battlecruiser Seydlitz.“ Lindemann saluted in turn, and Lütjens proceeded. “Fregattenkapitän Heinrich Drau, commander of the fleet tanker Altmark.” Drau saluted the Thai monarch to conclude the formal introductions.

“Your Majesty,” said Lütjens, “you honor us by your visit. If you will accompany me we may begin a tour of inspection, if it is Your Majesty’s desire.”

The Thai monarch readily agreed, and with small difficulties arising from unfamiliar protocol, the royal inspection was begun. King Ramkhamhaeng showed considerable interest in the great gun turrets which dominated the battlecruisers’ decks, and deigned to enter the Derfflinger’s Number One turret, marveling at the shell-loading machinery. Admiral Bunyakhup and the other Thai officers accompanying their monarch were equally interested. “One day we too shall have such magnificent ships,” thought Bunyakhup “but the nation must first be put right.”

The tour covered most of the ship. At one point the king pointed towards the Derfflinger’s main mast. “What is that strange thing?” he asked in a curious tone. “It looks like an iron bedstead. What purpose does it serve?”

Langsdorff was swift to answer, “It is part of the ship’s electronic apparatus Your Majesty. It provides us warning of nearby ships, so that we may avoid collision.” Langsdorff did not desire to go into detailed explanation of the Derfflinger’s Seetakt; he was at once uncertain of his ability to explain the system to the king, and uncertain how much the king might understand of such.

“It must be very useful,” replied Ramkhamhaeng in a non-committal manner.

After some two hours the royal visit concluded, with the king moving on to visit his own vessels and encourage them to greater efforts in reconstructing a long-suffering nation.

Friday, 20 September 1940

The British poet Rudyard Kipling wrote, “Can't you 'ear their paddles chunkin' from Rangoon to Mandalay? On the road to Mandalay, Where the flyin'-fishes play, An' the dawn comes up like thunder outer China 'crost the Bay!”

So the rising sun in the east illuminated the harbour of Sattahip as the ships of the Fourth Cruiser Squadron made ready for departure, tinting everything with a reddish glow; a warning perhaps of heavy weather, or perhaps symbolic of the war clouds gathering above the China Sea. Their stay in Sattahip had been enjoyable and most memorable, the inspection of the squadron by the Thai monarch only be one of many highlights. The officers and crew of the German ships had found the Thai custom of meals shared with equals an interesting experience and the Germans had done as much as possible to reciprocate – though it seemed more Germans found favor with Thai cuisine than Thais with bratwurst.

Nevertheless the time had come for the next stage of its homeward voyage. The last lighter-loads of stores were packed aboard, the last liberty parties recalled; anchor chains were pulled taut and small puffs of smoke escaped from the ships’ stacks and their boilers were lit off and steam was raised. The greyhounds of the sea were like their namesakes, ready to have their leashes slipped.

“The squadron is ready to depart Herr Admiral,” Captain Langsdorff reported. Admiral Lütjens was in his day cabin reading the latest dispatches. One advantage of a port call was the release from the necessity to maintain wireless silence at sea.

“Excellent,” Lütjens replied, closing the folder that lay before him and standing. “The Thais have been most generous hosts.”

The two officers made their way to the bridge, where the crew snapped to attention at their appearance. “Signal the squadron to get underway,” Lütjens ordered. Signal flags were swiftly raised and the clank of anchor chains was audible on the morning breeze. From the bridge Lütjens could see activity aboard the Thai vessels stretching to seaward.

“Please prepare to render honours as we depart,” he added. “Yes Herr Admiral,” replied Langsdorff.

Slowly the German battlecruisers and their attendant tanker gathered way, the great screws churning the brown water of the harbour. Heading seaward at a slow pace of five knots each ship had its rails lined with white-uniformed crewmen in stiff attention, rendering salutes to each Thai vessel that was passed in turn. For their part the Thais responded. Signal guns boomed to and fro.

Half an hour later the German squadron reached the buoy marking the end of the harbour channel and the start of the open sea.

“Set course east south east, for the time being; speed 15 knots,” Lütjens then ordered. “We should make Singapore by Sunday.”

Quoted

Originally posted by BruceDuncan
...though it seemed more Germans found favor with Thai cuisine than Thais with bratwurst.

HA!

Sunday, September 20th

The Commander in Chief Far East Admiral Charles Morton Forbes walked out onto the balcony of his official residence in Singapore overlooking the harbour packed with merchant traffic of every nation and several warships of the Royal Navy. He looked at his watch, 10:05am; the Hood would already be out to sea forming up with her companion he thought.

His flag lieutenant stepped out with his uniform pressed and his braid shining. “Sir I have the reports you wanted.” Admiral Forbes turned round and headed back inside, already it was stiflingly hot. “Very well. Have my orders been despatched to all ships and harbours?” “Yes Sir, they went out last night.” “Hmm, I suppose they will soon be here Stephen. We want to be ready. The last time I met the Germans I was Admiral Jellicoe’s Flag Commander and we were aboard the Iron Duke. It’s funny how things work out isn’t it?” The lieutenant nodded and Forbes opened a folder lying on his desk. “They've chosen well for this round-the-world trip, Rear Admiral Günther Lütjens, he is a torpedo boat man by training. Capitan Ernst Lindemann was the second wireless telegraphy officer aboard the Baden but they missed Jutland and tried to draw our battlecruisers out a few weeks later but ran for harbour. As a cadet he got as far as Novia Scotia. Captain Langsdorf received the Iron Cross 2nd Class at Jutland. He then went onto minesweepers for the rest of the war. It’s funny to think we were facing each other, Langsdorf and I as enemies not so long ago.” “Well Sir times change, I guess the Germans deserve the same chance as anyone else?” “You don’t remember the early days, the Kaiser was envious of our Royal Navy. They tried to compete with us and instead crippled their economy and the race led to a hideous war. The war was a result of the naval arms race. The Germans today still have grandiose schemes of global fleets and powerful warships. Why do you think the Sachsen’s were built? Why do you think we looked at 18in guns for the Admirals? Why do you think the Germans are so concerned about Middle Eastern oil?” The Admiral shook his head, “No nothing has changed Stephen, they still want to have a big Navy and carve themselves out a niche in the world even if they lack colonies.” He paused and put down the file, “These waters haven’t seen German warships since 1914 and none of those senior commanders have the world view or sailing experience that we have. We need to make it clear we own these waters and that the Royal Navy is still number one. When they see Hood and Inflexible heading towards them they’ll understand. Two of our best and most prestigious ships that dwarf theirs, when they come into harbour and see a proper disciplined Navy at work they will learn a lesson in what it takes to maintain a reputation. This is why I want every ship ready for inspection, every deck polished, every ship clean and smart and every dock facility the same. If there is a speck of paint missed or a spot of rust I’ll have the commander’s guts for garters.” The lieutenant nodded, “Very well Sir, I agree we need to put on a good show. Everything is set for this evening’s banquet. Tomorrow the dockyard will be ready for the inspection.” The Admiral checked his watch, “Good. You better get an extra tug ready in case they need a nudge in the basin. After all they’ve never docked here before. We’ll let’s get down to the quayside and await their arrival. I’d like to talk to Arthur Palliser on the way through about the latest intelligence reports.”

Forty miles away with her Admiral’s pennant and ensign fluttering HMS Hood was making twenty-seven knots. Vice Admiral Lancelot Holland was pacing the open bridge as a lookout spotted the two German warships and their tanker. The Admiral gave his order as the ships closed up with the Germans and came abreast at about four miles range a signal flag shot out and Hood and Inflexible swung to starboard neatly in unison despite their bulk. They would welcome the Germans in style.

Sunday, 22 September 1940

The cruise southward from Sattahip had proven uneventful, broken only by the occasional sighting of a merchantman. Admiral Lütjens stood on the starboard bridge wing of the Derfflinger and idly scanned the horizon. A glint of sunlight in the distance attracted his attention and caused him to bring his glasses up. He thought he saw an aircraft in the distance – one of the sentinels of the Royal Air Force that had followed them for the last half-day. He entered the bridge to consult the situation plot.

“Herr Admiral,” Langsdorff announced, “we are receiving a weak Seetakt contact – a surface vessel, perhaps twelve to fifteen miles distant to our south.”

“What about aircraft contacts Langsdorff?” the admiral asked.

“There are two air contacts at the present time – one aircraft orbit some three miles away off the starboard beam, another somewhat further away to port. The Royal Air Force is being very solicitous.”

“I suspect that the surface contact is a squadron of the Royal Navy,” Lütjens surmised. If what is known of Admiral Forbes is correct they are likely to be major warships, not mere cruisers or patrol ships. Pass the word to the squadron to prepare to welcome our hosts with all proper honors and in a correct manner.”

Quoted

The Germans today still have grandiose schemes of global fleets and powerful warships. Why do you think the Sachsen’s were built? Why do you think we looked at 18in guns for the Admirals? Why do you think the Germans are so concerned about Middle Eastern oil?” The Admiral shook his head, “No nothing has changed Stephen, they still want to have a big Navy and carve themselves out a niche in the world even if they lack colonies

One hesitates to speculate about what the RN think of their Russian allies In SEAR.

Quoted

Originally posted by AdmKuznetsov

Quoted

The Germans today still have grandiose schemes of global fleets and powerful warships. Why do you think the Sachsen’s were built? Why do you think we looked at 18in guns for the Admirals? Why do you think the Germans are so concerned about Middle Eastern oil?” The Admiral shook his head, “No nothing has changed Stephen, they still want to have a big Navy and carve themselves out a niche in the world even if they lack colonies

One hesitates to speculate about what the RN think of their Russian allies In SEAR.

I prefer to think that this represents the personal feelings of Admiral Forbes, a serving officer of the old school, rather than the official view of the British Government.

At least I hope so.

Sunday 22nd September continued

The white launch from the battlecruiser Derfflinger came smartly up to the quayside with its crew in crisp white uniforms. Admiral Forbes was pleased, as the German ships entered the anchorage they passed the carrier Eagle. The crew were working but on cue as the ships passed the crew lined up on the flightdeck smartly to give the salute. HMS Hood had followed them into the anchorage but HMS Invincible had continued her voyage on routine patrol. Forbes and his staff stood ready to greet the visitors, his lieutenant praying that he wouldn’t mention Jutland or the war. Rear Admiral Günther Lütjens was first up the steps. The stern-looking Admiral looked every inch the professional sailor. Behind him was Captain Hans Langsdorff. Both men stood to attention. As soon as Langsdorff had stepped off the launch they had pulled away and the launch from the Seydlitz had neatly pulled in and already, Captain Ernst Lindemann, commander of the Seydlitz, was on the quayside. He looked every inch the sharp faced Teutonic officer too.

The Royal Marine band struck up a stirring rendition of Deutschland Uber Alles. Both sides exchanged salutes and Admiral Forbes stepped forward to greet the three men. “Welcome to Singapore Sir. It must make a change to be on dry land again after travelling so far. Your reputation has already preceded you Admiral.” The German stared at Forbes, “In what way Admiral?” “My congratulations on your fine gunnery performance Sir. A very fine show by all accounts.” “I am surprised news has travelled so far, it was just an exercise with our French friends. It keeps the men on their toes.” Forbes smiled, “there is very little that happens out here that we don’t know about. Even if it takes a while for the news to reach us.” Both men then introduced the various staffs and personnel and both Admirals strolled towards a waiting line of cars to take them to the official residence.

Lütjens continued the conversation in the back of the car. “I noticed HMS Hood handles well, she indeed has a fine crew as we have always admired in Germany many times. She is the pride of your Navy is she not?” “Indeed Admiral, she has the finest crew in the Navy, all our ships have good crews and good officers. We are sitting on a powder keg and we keep of full readiness at all times.” “I noticed she flies the Flag of an Admiral. Which one?” Forbes smiled, “Vice Admiral Lancelot Holland, you’ll meet him tonight at the official banquet. You have a skilled team of your own. Captain Lindemann and Langsdorff are certainly qualified officers. Langsdorff won the Iron Cross second class did he not?” The flag lieutenant looked up at the roof of the car hoping Lütjens wouldn’t restart the war in the back of the car! “Indeed Admiral they are both fine officers. They have performed excellently throughout the entire voyage and we are only half way in our journey. Your own career has been most noteworthy. You were Admiral Jellicoe’s Flag Commander during the War were you not?” “Yes, it was a long time ago though.” “But now you command an entire fleet, the most important command in the Royal Navy. It is an honour to meet such an officer of such reputation. Indeed I have always though very highly of the Royal Navy and I’m glad those days are history and now we are friends once again. It’s been good during this voyage to see how well the nations we have visited have welcomed us.” The flag lieutenant breathed a sigh of relief.

Rear Admiral Günther Lütjens certainly had a stiff manner and an air of polite correctness about him but he was a professional. Admiral Forbes soon found that his equally serious looking Captains were much more human and had a gentler side. Like the best of commanders the world over Lindemann and Langsdorff were professional officers, well trained and true seamen but they had the welfare of their crews at heart. He had no doubts that both men would probably find some sort of promotion or reward when they returned home. These were Admirals of the future.

The official banquet was awash with naval uniforms of both nations with gold braid everywhere but also some guests wore the khaki of the Army or the blue of the RAF and there were several civilian dignitaries and the governor himself around the room. The German Consul and his staff were also in attendance. Admiral Sir Geoffrey Layton, Forbe’s number two and Chief of Staff and Vice Admiral Holland were present to welcome the German sailors. Down in the city the German sailors on shore leave were equally well looked after by the locals and the British sailors. Meanwhile in the harbour Derfflinger and Seydlitz were at rest with tarpaulin sun shades over their turrets and some last minute repainting being done. The Hood lay alongside dwarfing the smaller ships and snatches of both crews singing could be hear across the still night air. Astern lay the dark bulk of the carrier Eagle. The cruiser HMS Hercules carefully crept past as she headed out for a patrol. Further away tucked away in the heart of the base the tanker Altmark was undergoing some work and in the morning she would begin loading with oil fuel. All day a stream of boats and barges had been supplying fresh fruit and meat to the German ships.

Monday, 23 September 1940

Konteradmiral Günther Lütjens sat in his day cabin, a half-empty cup of morning coffee at his side, jotting notes in his personal log of the squadron’s journey thus far. He contemplated his entry thus far,

“The British,” he wrote, “have been very courteous towards the squadron, and have made available all facilities necessary for our replenishing and refueling. The official banquet last evening was complete and quite correct…”

At that moment there was a knock at the cabin door, announcing the arrival of Kapitän zur See Hans Langsdorff, Derfflinger’s captain.

“Good Morning Herr Admiral,” Langsdorff began. “The ship’s launch is alongside.”

“Yes, yes…” Lütjens smiled wryly. “Sit down Langsdorff,” he said, the tone belying the order in his words. Langsdorff complied.

“What impressions have you of our visit here thus far?” the admiral asked.

“The British have been polite,” Langsdorff replied, “if somewhat overbearing. Some of the senior officers still harbour memories of the Great War, and they do not wish to let us forget who was among the victors and who was not.”

“Quite so,” Lütjens acknowledged. “I think that neither of us has not had such thoughts cross our minds as well. And it is true that the British are the major power in this quarter of the world. The presence of such ships as Hood and Eagle emphasize that fact.”

“Yes Herr Admiral,” Langsdorff countered, "but if I might speak freely…”

Lütjens nodded.

“The British have gone out of their way to emphasize their superiority for our consumption. We know their fleet is superior to ours, and our presence here can not be seen as a threat to any power that is not already concerned with challenges. Yet the British seem to behave as if they see our presence as a threat. Look at the schedule for today’s dockyard visit – at every point the British seem intent to exhibit their technical prowess or sheer strength.”

“That is true Langsdorff,” Lütjens countered. “The British may see in us the spectre of a revived High Seas Fleet – a phantasm that may be – but it conditions their thought. The competition between Britain and Germany that a generation ago expressed itself in the building of dreadnoughts now lies in the realm of factories. I believe that the leaders of the British government understand this; their admirals have yet to learn the lesson.”

Langsdorff nodded. “Yes; that may be so.”

“But,” said Lütjens, “we must not be late for the morning’s activities; we do not wish that the British think us slackers.”

Lütjens closed his logbook with its unfinished entry – perhaps by evening he would have more to write.

Monday 23rd September

The highlight of the Monday was the tour of the Royal Dockyard, Singapore escorted by Rear-Admiral Arthur Francis Eric Palliser, responsible for the dockyard; Captain Roger Porter, in charge of the reconstruction of the battlecruisers Invincible and Inflexible and Admiral Forbes’ Flag Lieutenant. The heavy cruiser HMS Collingwood was having her bottom cleaned but of more importance to the German officers was the huge ship lying beside her in the dry dock. The dry dock was 845 feet long but HMS Inflexible nearly filled the entire length. Captain Langsdorff was visibly excited as they got out of the car; the sight of a dockyard at full work is always a busy scene.

Captain Roger Porter led the men down one of the gangways to the midships of this mighty vessel. In front of them Inflexible’s after (Q turret) turret stood inert with its three 15 inch guns pointing towards port. The deck was covered in wires and pipes, astern sparks could be seen cascading downwards from some welding work near the after funnel. Yet the ship had recently been painted and it was obvious that work was nearly complete. Ahead of them loomed the forward tower superstructure covered in scaffold poles, wooden boards and the noise was a mixture of steam hammers, welding and banging. Captain Port led the group forward along the forecastle deck. Captain Lindemann looked up at the foremast, Admiral Forbes’ Flag Lieutenant knew he was looking for radio-location equipment, “Sir we’ve made some adjustments to the foremast, reducing top weight, you know.” “What is that lighthouse structure for Lieutenant?” Lindemann was sharp; the Lieutenant had to think quick, “a covered look-out position Captain. Gets terribly draughty up there.” Lindemann gave a wry smile. Ahead of the group Rear-Admiral Günther Lütjens and Rear-Admiral Arthur Palliser were discussing the removal of the ship’s old 6 inch secondary turrets and the tactical benefits of both. Lütjens could see most of the changes were to increase anti-aircraft capability. The group moved forward into the superstructure and were shown a completed seaman’s mess; Langsdorff thought it inferior to the latest German habitability on their warships.

Langsdorff had a wish to see inside one of the turrets and Captain Porter took him forwards to the barbette of B turret while the two Rear Admirals and Lindemann went two decks lower to examine the new computing room. Most of the equipment was covered with dustsheets and it was obvious the wiring was not yet complete. Rear-Admiral Palliser motioned the two German officers over to the main computing station. It was massive, somewhat larger than Derfflinger’s Lütjens noted, but it was obviously a technical piece of equipment. “This is the latest computing table in service, one similar to this has been installed in the new Lion and this is the last word in British computing technology. Invincible will get a different set-up, a prototype of the set to be fitted to the new Admirals. Basically all the data from the new main DCT atop the bridge and its associated radio-location set feds constant course, bearing and speed data into the main box over here. A series of gears and mechanical devices then computes the correct firing solution and elevation which is then passed back to the DCT and the fire-control officer and to each turret. Lion has achieved some pretty outstanding performance on her trials with this set-up.” Lütjens thought perhaps the British weren’t being too modest certainly his ships has sailed halfway around the world and had stunned the French with their gunnery. He knew mechanical computers and radio-waves would soon reduce the gunnery officer to a button presser but he also knew it gave results.

They continued on the tour, Langsdorff returned from his intimate inspection of B turret having gone over the entire internal workings which required a few bodily contortions to fit. They carried on, a quick inspection of the HADT (High-Angle Director Table) next door and then up no less than seven storeys to reach the main navigating bridge. The bridge was fully enclosed and was complete and freshly painted with a new floor surface. Looking out of the windows they could look down on the forward director and conning tower and the look-out positions below. Further down the end of B turret and A turret could be seen and the workmen on the decks below looked like ants scurrying around.

Rear-Admiral Palliser went on to explain the rationale for refitting these two old ships, “You see the reconstruction of Hood showed what could be achieved. These two ships are somewhat radical compared to all post-war capital ships built by most nations. We tried about four schemes before the one you see today. We tried 16.5 inch guns in twin turrets but that offered too little gunpower. These ships are well armoured and are fast and as stand-ins until the Admirals complete they were worth the cost of rebuilding. They offer a powerful fleet out here in the South Asian area given the increasing tensions and rivalries in the area. Once complete in a couple of months this ship will again be equal to any modern warship despite her age.” Captain Lindemann spoke up, “Any truth in the rumour that these ships will be sold to Australia?” “Perhaps one day, we would like to get our money’s worth out of the rebuild though first.”

They went back down the numerous floors and ended up back on deck by Q turret. They disembarked for lunch ashore. In the afternoon they inspected some of the shore workshops and then briefly went aboard the new 700 tonner destroyer HMS Bittern which was tied up alongside the deck having some minor work done to a propeller coupling. Rear-Admiral Lütjens as a former torpedo boat man was impressed by the neat inexpensive package the class offered, ideal for colonial and second-line duties. The inspection complete Lütjens returned to the Derfflinger for an hour or so to catch up on paper work while Lindemann and Langsdorff attended a seminar at the Naval College on the tactical leadership of Admiral William Parker.

Lieutenant Dieter von Ramstein of the battlecruiser Derfflinger and several of his fellows sat at the long bar at Raffles Hotel, a place of pilgrimage for every adventurer in the East. The atmosphere filled them the redolence of an imperial past still lingering, of exotic places, of danger and adventure. So too in a way their venture here was an adventure, a decision made the moment the squadron’s itinerary had been announced.

Von Ramstein checked his watch to verify the time – to make certain “the sun is over the yard arm” as the English would say – and caught the barman’s eye.

“Yes sir,” the unobtrusive Chinese inquired.

“One Singapore Sling,” von Ramstein replied. His fellows were less adventurous, confining themselves to Lowenbrau Export.

Von Ramstein watched with interest as the barman filled a cocktail shaker with a measure of gin, then added Cherry Heering and Bénédictine; to this he added what looked like pineapple juice. He quickly shook the concoction and poured the drink into a hurricane glass, and set the red drink with its foaming top before the German officer.

“Enjoy sir!” said the barman.

“This,” von Ramstein thought, “is likely to take a while,” as he carefully sipped his drink to the puzzled look of his companions.


Erich Lindemann was doing his best to stay awake during the lectures the British had arranged for him and for Hans Langsdorff. He surveyed the room, filled with younger British officers who mixed their rapt attention to the presenter with sideways looks at the two German officers sitting among them.

“The British,” he mused silently, “carefully passing down the tradition of their service. Breaking down the walls of China in the Opium War did not require too much tactical brilliance. The willingness to do so under withering fire is another thing.”

Lindemann had to acknowledge that Britain had a far more notable history of seamanship than Germany; but Germany too had a tradition worthy of respect. Ernst Otto von Diederichs, who had won for Germany its former base at Kiautschou Bay was certainly equal to William Parker in accomplishments. Viktor Valois, who foresaw the rapproachment of Germany and the United States that had emerged after the Great War; Benjamin Raule, who in the time of the Great Elector had fought actions against superior Nordish forces and won for Germany its first colonies in Africa; and the Graf von Spee, who had bravely led the East Asia Squadron against superior British forces.

During the morning’s dockyard inspection he had quickly formed the impression that many of the Royal Navy’s officers did not fully comprehend the impact of recent technical innovations, and allowed themselves to rest on the laurels won through years of superiority. He smiled at the answer Admiral Forbes’ flag lieutenant had given him. “A covered look-out position”. Certainly the flag lieutenant could not think he had fooled Lindemann so easily. That it was a British Decimeter-Telegraphy antenna, very much like the Seydlitz’s own Seetakt, was very clear from its location.

“It’s well enough that the British seek to defend their technology,” Lindemann thought, “while such a structure will hide it from prying eyes, it does nothing against proper analysis of its frequency.”


Günther Lütjens returned to his half-started log entry

“The British,” he wrote, “have been very courteous towards the squadron, and have made available all facilities necessary for our replenishing and refueling. The official banquet last evening was complete and quite correct. This morning I and my senior officers were allowed to inspect the Royal Navy Dockyard here. We were shown every facility and no special effort was made to hide the Royal Navy’s latest developments in gunnery technology. Indeed, our hosts seemed to go out of their way to impress us with their latest devices.”

He paused, considering, and then continued. “The British Bittern class second-class destroyer is a most interesting warship, and for its tonnage quite formidable. However, only the British could afford to build such single-purpose vessels in any number. More than adequate for patrolling the waters of the East they cannot stand against a modern destroyer, which, leaving European competitors aside, are fielded in large numbers by Bharat and Japan.”

Tuesday, 24 September 1940

Work aboard the Derfflinger, flagship of the Fourth Cruiser Squadron, began early in the morning, to assure that the ship was ready to receive the visitors scheduled for later in the day. Admiral Lütjens breakfasted in his day cabin with Captain Langsdorff, reviewing the itinerary planned for the day.

“Our guests,” Langsdorff noted, “are scheduled to arrive at 1000; and the list provided by Lieutenant Rolland is quite impressive. Sir Geoffrey Layton, deputy to Admiral Forbes, is the most senior officer.” Langsdorff opened a buff file and scanned its contents. “He is a line officer of the first rank; with a number of senior commands to his credit.”

“Yes,” Lütjens said, nodding in reply. “He commanded a submarine in the Great War; she was lost off the Danish coast to one of our torpedo boats. He and half his crew escaped to Denmark, where they were interned.”

Langsdorff blinked and checked the buff file again. “That is not noted here Herr Admiral,” the captain rejoined.

“Yes,” Lütjens admitted. “I was executive officer of the G132 under Graf von Montgelas, which destroyed her after she grounded.”

Langsdorff noted the admiral’s sadness, and recalled the incident. Ordered to destroy the E13 two German torpedo boats had continued to shell the grounded submarine even after the crew had abandoned ship.

“Accompanying Admiral Layton,” Langsdorff continued, will be Vice-Admiral Lancelot Holland, who commands the battlecruiser squadron here – HMS Hood is his flagship. He is a gunnery officer by training; apparently he saw no active service in the Great War.”

“Thank God for that,” Lütjens said to himself; one officer with good reason to hate Germans was sufficient. “Then no doubt he will be interested in our Gunnery Department. Make certain that Leutnant von Ramstein is ready.”

“Yes Herr Admiral,” Langsdorff said in an assured voice. “I spoke with him last evening when he returned from liberty ashore.”

“Excellent,” the admiral replied.

“There are two officers from the Dockyard; Hugh Marrack – the Captain Superintendent, and Commander Stephen Roskill, who is listed as a member of Captain Marrack’s staff; Fleet Intelligence has no file on him.” Langsdorff noted with regret.

Lütjens nodded. “A keen observer I suspect and one wise enough not to attract attention.”

“Lieutenant Rolland, of course, makes the fifth officer in the party.”

“It is not possible for me to avoid Admiral Layton,” Lütjens stated. “To attempt to do so would be an obvious snub. I will therefore personally chaperone the senior officers on their tour; if you will take charge of Captain Marrack and Commander Roskill. We will dine in the Officers’ Mess at noon; at which time we can offer to take the party for an inspection of the Altmark if they wish.”

“Yes Herr Admiral,” Langsdorff said with a twinge of doubt. “I will advise Captain Drau that he too should be prepared to receive visitors should our hosts desire such.”


The launch bearing the party of British officers shoved off from the dockyard and made its way across the waters of the harbour towards the battlecruiser Derfflinger anchored in the roads. As they approached they could see activity at the landing stage that hung at the battlecruiser’s side, white uniforms moving with purpose and precision.

In the sternsheets Admiral Geoffrey Layton frowned inwardly. “I thought it would be a cold day in Hell before I could welcome the Hun to one of His Majesty’s naval bases.” he thought. “But times change; I may not like them, but they’ve learned to behave a damn sight better than some of the other nations I’ve got to deal with.” His thoughts strayed to the growing build up of forces eastward, where the Chinese and the Filipinos faced each other in their dispute over the worthless sandbanks of the Spratley Islands.

The launch drew alongside the massive battlecruisers and the first signal gun boomed. Layton stepped to the bottom level of the Derfflinger’s landing stage, followed by Holland, Marrack, Roskill and finally Rolland, Admiral Forbes’ errand boy. Layton started up the stair.

Above him Lütjens, Langsdorff and every officer of the Derfflinger not required to stand watch had gathered in their dress uniforms. White-gloved sideboys stood ready, and boatswains with them. As Admiral Layton’s head appeared above the level of the deck the boatswains’ pipes twittered and the master at arms shouted “Attention!” The band gathered on the foredeck struck up ‘God Save The King’.

Layton acknowledged the salutes of the German officers assembled to receive him and stepped aboard, followed by his entourage. Lütjens moved forward and spoke, “Welcome aboard Derfflinger Admiral Layton. I hope you will find your visit here as satisfactory as the one afforded me and my officers yesterday.”

“I am certain of it,” Layton replied. “Word of the hospitality you have shown visitors during your cruise has preceded you.”

When the salutes and formalities were finished the party of officers began their tour with a visit to the Derfflinger’s bridge. The British officers were shown the plotting equipment, the wireless room, and were even allowed to see the outward elements of the Seetakt radio detection and ranging equipment – though of course in the harbour it was shut down.

Stephen Roskill, who had been included in the party for his keen observation skills, noted that the Germans made no pretense of hiding their equipment; as to be expected, they were not too forthcoming on details when asked questions about it; but there was no attempt at dissimulation. “Ask me no questions and I will tell you no lies,” he thought.

Lancelot Holland, whose specialty was gunnery, as expected was fascinated with the fire direction station high above the Derfflinger’s bridge. He noted the feed from what to all appearances was an RDF unit but what truly caught his eye was the large coincidence rangefinder – an optical device – that seemed to dominate the station.

“Herr Admiral,” von Ramstein asked of Lütjens, “if it would be permitted…” Lütjens nodded in response.

“Admiral Holland,” von Ramstein began, “if you will sit here”; he indicated a bucket seat before the eyepiece; “and turn both of these knobs until the images coincide…”

Holland took the offer with alacrity and sat down, reaching for a knob in either hand. In the distance he saw his own flagship, Hood, a few miles away across the anchorage. He turned both knobs until the split image became one, and then drew back to read the dial that was above his position. “By Jove,” he remarked, “11,440… metres?”

Following the visit to the gunnery station, the party split. Lütjens took the two admirals the Rolland, the flag lieutenant, on a tour of the Derfflinger’s living spaces, while Langsdorff took the junior officers to the battlecruiser’s engineering spaces, as Marrack had indicated he wished to see the Derfflinger’s rather novel arrangements.

If the senior officers were unimpressed as they were escorted through the living spaces allocated to officers, petty officers and ordinary seamen, Rolland was. He noted that even the lowest seaman had his own steel bunk and locker wherein he might stow his personal kit with Teutonic precision. Rolland had some knowledge of the life on the lower deck of a Royal Navy warship – where many Jack Tars still slept in hammocks slung from the beams of their mess deck. On Derfflinger there were separate living and dining spaces, and the lighting and forced ventilation superior or equal to the best the Royal Navy had. What truly impressed him were the spotless washrooms available to officers and to the ordinary crewman.

Below decks Langsdorff led Captain Marrack and Commander Roskill deep into the bowels of the Derfflinger to her engine room. “I understand that your ship is powered by electric motors,” Marrack inquired.

“Yes,” Langsdorff replied, opening a door that brought them into one of the ship’s boiler rooms. “When traveling at sea of course we rely on steam”. The room was dominated by a pair of Wagner boilers. “Which is fed to the shafts through electric motors.” He pointed out the relevant parts of the system, and then led them toward a smaller compartment further aft.

“Here is a diesel room,” he shouted, for the diesel motors still worked to power the ship while at anchor. “These permit us to conserve bunker fuel when anchored and power demands are low. They are also useful when getting under way…”

Roskill wished he had a camera, but of course such would have been impossible. Nevertheless he tried to take in as many details as he could. This was the first opportunity an officer of the Royal Navy had to observe the Kriegsmarine’s “COSAD” powerplant up close. The DNI would be quite interested in anything he could report.

Lunch in the Officer’s Mess was almost an anticlimax. The appetizer was a cucumber and potato soup, followed by Fleisch-ruladen – braised stuffed beef rolls, accompanied by Bavarian noodles and ‘Ulmer Allerei’ – mixed vegetables in the Ulm style with beans, peas, carrots and cauliflower. The repast was topped by a kirsch torte dessert and toasts to the amity of nations.

Mm, tasty-looking dinner!